ANEMIA, PRESTASI, DAN KECERDASAN PADA REMAJA AWAL LAKI-LAKI DAN PEREMPUAN

Abstract

Background. Anemia and IDD are interlinked nutritional problem especially indeveloping countries. Anemic conditions has been known to decreased iodiumefectivity. Attention in adolescence nutritional status is still limited that studies onnutrition and micronutrient status of adolescents are still needed. Relationshipsbetween micronurient and cognitive development in adolescents require clarification.Objective. To determine the relationship between anemia status with cognitivefunction, using level of intelligence and learning achievement, in early adolescenceperiode. Method. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Bulu and Kedudistrict, Temanggung. Samples were 120 first grade junior high school students. Datacollected include cognitive function, with level of intelligence and learning achievementas indicators. Intelligence was measured with CFIT (Culture Fair Intelligence Test)and academic achievement measured by standardized tests on mathematics. Anemiastatus was measured with hemoglobin levels using CyanmetHb method. Researchdata were analyzed by independent sample t-test and linear regression. Results. Theresults showed that student with cognitive function with intelligence level indicator onis quite high (62.9%). Female in early adolescent had 1.5 times risks to have anemiathan male, but statistically not significant (OR: 1.55; 95% CI; 0.61-3.93). There wasno association between anemia status (p>0.05) and gender (p>0.05) with intelligence(p>0.05) and learning achievement (p>0.05). Intelligence level contributed most tomathematics achievement (beta=0.257 p<0.05). Conclusion. There is no differencein the level of intelligence and learning achievement in early adolescence period,based on the anemia status and gender. Intelligence is a dominant factor influencingmathematics achievement. Further research is necessary in the middle or lateadolescence to obtain more comprehensive understanding in the effect of anemiaon adolescents cognitive function.Keywords: anemia status, cognitive function, early adolescents