QUALITY AND SAFETY OF FEEDS FOR COWS IN THE DRY PERIOD AND THE PARTURITION IN THE OBSTETRICS DISPENSATION SYSTEM

Abstract

In farm “Mriya” of the Rivne region, obstetric and gynecological dispensaries of cows during lactation and dry period were conducted. The purpose of the first stage of clinical examination was to determine the nutritional value of feeds for their compliance with quality and safety indicators. The research of fodder was conducted for the purpose of determining the presence of mycotoxins, general contamination and the species composition of microscopic fungi, the content of nitrates and nitrites and macro-trace elements. The toxicological, mycological, zootechnical and statistical methods of research are used in this work. The bio test on white mice has found that sunflower oil is toxic and can not be used for feeding cows. The micronutrient studies of corn silage, mixed fodder, sunflower oil, straw have established high levels of toxic generative species of Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Rhizopus spp. Their degree of contamination far exceeds the maximum allowable levels. Due to the inconsistency of these indicators, it is not recommended to use such feed for cows during lactation and lactation. Contamination of feed raw materials Aflatoxin B1, zerralenom, sterigmatocysteine and patulin was not detected. According to the results of studies on the content of inorganic elements of mixed fodder and sunflower oil, excessive maximum levels of Ferum and Nickel were set against the backdrop of Selenium, Cobalt, and Kuprum deficiencies. According to the results of chemical research of forages, the non-conformity of corn silo with its normative index of 3rd class due to high content of fiber in dry matter by 25,0 %, which caused the decrease of exchange energy and feed units by 4,5 % and 13,0 % respectively, which greatly impairs its quality. In sunflower seed oil, the moisture content increased by 7,1 %, the percentage of crude fiber by 17,5 %, and the lower content of crude protein by 21,0 %, but did not have a negative effect on the level of exchange energy. In the mixed fodder relative to the normative values, the level of crude protein is reduced by 7,2 %, while other determined indicators are within the reference level. The developed measures allowed to reduce the toxicity of sunflower oil, to decontaminate contaminated micronutrient feeds and to adjust the diet on the basis of indicators of maximum permissible levels of safety.

Keywords

• corn silage
• mixed feed
• sunflower seed meal
• green mass alfalfa
• straw
• cow
• quality
• safety