Associations of 24‐Hour Central Systolic Blood Pressure With Multiorgan Damage in Nondialysis Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Background Multiple target‐organ damages (TODs) in the same patient are common and further increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between ambulatory central systolic blood pressure (SBP) and multiple TODs has yet to be explored. Methods and Results MobilO‐Graph PWA was used to monitor the participants' ambulatory blood pressure, and the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy, carotid hypertrophy, and kidney injury were used to define TOD. Logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to explore the correlation between SBP and TOD. Overall, 2018 nondialysis patients with chronic kidney disease were included and 580 (28.74%) had multiple TODs. Twenty‐four‐hour central SBP with c2 calibration exhibited a stronger correlation with the increasing number of TOD compared with 24‐hour brachial SBP in ordinal logistic regression analyses. In the multivariable analyses with the presence of multiple TODs, the odds ratios were 1.786 (95% CI, 1.474–2.165; P<0.001) for 24‐hour brachial SBP and 1.949 (95% CI, 1.605–2.366; P<0.001) for 24‐hour central SBP with c2 calibration. The receiver operating characteristic analyses also showed that 24‐hour central SBP with c2 calibration had higher discrimination than 24‐hour brachial SBP regarding multiple TODs (P<0.001). In addition, using 130/135 mm Hg as the threshold for 24‐hour brachial SBP/central SBP with c2 calibration to cross‐classify, the prevalence of multiple TODs was greater in cases of concordant hypertension compared with cases of isolated brachial hypertension and concordant normotension, with no difference between the latter 2 conditions. Conclusions Twenty‐four‐hour central SBP with c2 calibration was more associated with the presence of multiple TODs compared with 24‐hour brachial SBP and was helpful in risk classification of multiple TODs among nondialysis patients with chronic kidney disease.

Keywords

• 24‐hour brachial systolic blood pressure
• 24‐hour central systolic blood pressure
• chronic kidney disease
• target‐organ damage