EXPERIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC SUPPLY OF BIOLOGICAL LAND IN THE MODERN CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS

Abstract

The article presents the results of the research of domestic and foreign scientists from the development of biological agriculture, as well as the conditions for effective use of it on the example of personal experience of the author in this kingdom of knowledge. For Ukraine, the development of biological agriculture is a very topical issue, since a quarter of our population lives in environmentally unfavorable conditions. Therefore, on the one hand, the return to traditional methods of management without the use of means of chemical protection of plants and mineral fertilizers or their minimized use, and, on the other hand, the use of raw material residues and organic waste as fertilizers as well as natural plant protection products become relevant. It is emphasized that a significant part of farms will develop intensively for a very long time, specialize in the cultivation of highly profitable crops and use significant amounts of chemical means. Another is biological agriculture. In most of the work of scientists, primarily the economic direction, the basic principles and methods of conducting biological (organic) agriculture are determined and the expediency of its wide introduction is substantiated. However, the issues of agrotechnical and technological aspects of the study of this problem remain insufficiently disclosed, which is determined, above all, by the costly formulation of such studies, which require significant cost of resources, technical means, field and laboratory experiments. The author of this article outlines the main agrotechnical factors that determine the opportunities and prospects for conducting biological agriculture. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between the main links of agricultural systems: land parcels, crop rotation, soil protection, fertilization and plant protection, bean and sideral cultures, and straw as an alternative source of conservation and reproduction of soil fertility. World and domestic experience shows that the application of individual measures in biological agriculture does not have the desired effect. Therefore, it can not be distinguished from other measures taking place in the agricultural system, since they are interconnected and in close connection. At the same time, a key place is crop rotation. The exclusion of one crop from crop rotation is reflected in the rest of the ecosystem - tillage, fertilization and plant protection. This is because each species of plants within a crop rotation performs a certain function.