Heliyon (Dec 2024)
Enhanced drilling waste-water treatment through magnetic nano-composite coagulant application: A central composite design study
Abstract
A magnetic nano-composite coagulant has been designed, originally applied in a specific industrial waste-water treatment, and statistically investigated using Central Composite Design (CCD). The generated polynomial models were utilized to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the impact of each ingredient of PolyAluminum Chloride (PAC), PolyAcrylAmide (PAM), and Iron (III) oxide magnetic nano particles (MNP) regarding optimum limits and conditions. The concentration of each of those components has been considered as the main effective factors, which are found to be significantly correlated, affecting the Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) removal (%), the Total Suspended Solid (TSS) removal (%), and the Turbidity Reduction Rate (TRR) NTU/min. The reliable statistical model for each response underscored the pivotal role of MNP in shaping each response variable. The influence of MNP and PAC, emerged as crucial in enhancing TDS removal, by increasing the kinetic energy of charged ions and the chance of the successful displacement reaction, helping to dissolve with a high surface activity, and the adsorption of magnetic heavy ions. The correlated concentration of MNP also exhibited a significant impact on TSS elimination, and TRR, concurrently, which revealed the importance of controlling the bulk density of generated flocs, to prevent premature and immature settling to optimize pollution removal. The highest recorded results are 72.00 %, 77.01 %, and 23.82 NTU per minute for TDS and TSS removal and TRR, respectively. The experimental records, along with the statistical investigation remarked a promising potential of the achieved Magnetic Nano-composite Coagulant (MNC), and generated practical knowledge of its novel application for drilling waste-water management.
