Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Jun 2024)

Diagnostic Modalities, Management Considerations, and Outcomes of Insulinoma: A Case Series from a Tertiary Care Centre

  • Anirudh J. Shetty,
  • Liza Das,
  • Satyam S. Jayant,
  • Sanjay K. Bhadada,
  • Rajender Kumar,
  • Ajay Gulati,
  • Surinder S. Rana,
  • Harmandeep Singh,
  • Uma N. Saikia,
  • Arunanshu Behera,
  • Bhagwant R. Mittal,
  • Rama Walia,
  • Pinaki Dutta

DOI
https://doi.org/10.4103/ijem.ijem_359_23
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 28, no. 3
pp. 279 – 288

Abstract

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Introduction: Insulinomas are rare, usually sporadic, and typically benign pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Pre-operative localization is challenging and evidence on comparative analysis of anatomic and scintigraphic modalities for pre-operative tumour localization is limited, even in contemporary series. Methods: The current study was designed to study the clinical features and management challenges of insulinomas managed at a tertiary care centre. Clinical features, diagnosis, imaging techniques, surgical procedures, and outcomes details were collated. Pre-operative imaging techniques (CT/MRI, nuclear scintigraphy) were compared with intraoperative and histopathological findings to assess their accuracy of localization. Results: Thirty-seven patients (15 females [42%]; median age 36 years [IQR 28–49]) were included in the study. In four patients (10.8%), the tumour occurred in the setting of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) while the remaining were sporadic. The sensitivity of pre-operative localization was 61.5% (multiphasic CT), 66.6% (multiphasic MRI), 100% (68Ga Exendin-4 PET-CT), and 91.6% (EUS). Three patients with normal multiphasic CT had localization on 68Ga Exendin-4 PET-CT. The positive predictive value (PPV) of both Exendin-PET-CT and EUS was similar at 91.6% and 91.6%, respectively. All patients (except one with nesidioblastosis), who underwent enucleation or partial pancreatic resection, were cured. Conclusion: 68Ga Exendin-4 PET-CT based is a non-invasive imaging modality that has high sensitivity and PPV and can be used as a first-line imaging modality. The overall prognosis of these tumours is good with high cure rates attained following surgical resection.

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