Advancement in sodium carbonation pathways for sustainable carbon capture and utilization: A review

Abstract

Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) stands as a pioneering solution to counter greenhouse gas emissions linked to fossil fuel consumption. Research in the utilization of CO2 with sodium-rich sources, particularly industrial waste, for the synthesis of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) has made significant progress. Despite the potential benefits, challenges such as sluggish reaction kinetics, solvent evaporation, product purity concerns, and the generation of secondary waste have hindered the widespread commercial adoption of this process. This comprehensive review delves into the various sodium carbonation pathways used in the conversion of CO2, focusing on advanced modification technologies that offer viable solutions to enhance the efficiency and economic viability of the process. The study meticulously explores the different methods employed for sodium bicarbonate synthesis, encompassing soda ash carbonation, Solvay process, ammonia sulfate, sodium hydroxide, and the electrochemical conversion of CO2. The essential chemical reactions, crucial precipitation parameters, and simulation and modelling endeavors aimed at upscale implementation of the carbonation associated with each carbonation method are thoroughly discussed. The incorporation of process and mass transfer intensification approaches can enhance the carbonation process, unlocking the potential of sodium carbonation pathways for a sustainable CCU process. Over all, the study aims to shed light on the existing constraints and pave the way for future innovation and effective implementation strategies in the field of carbon capture and utilization.

Keywords

• Carbon dioxide utilization
• Sodium bicarbonate
• Carbon capture efficiency
• Industrial saline waste
• Crystallization