Selecting wastewater treatment filters using local raw materials

Abstract

Currently, in a situation where there is a shortage of fresh water around the world, there are increasing problems waiting to be solved, such as protection of water resources, effective use, and prevention of changes in their physical and chemical conditions. As one of the solutions to these problems, it is considered to make the treatment of waste water suitable for reuse or to achieve it by carrying out theoretical and practical research aimed at discharging ecologically clean water into nature. The article develops recommendations for water treatment and reuse using local raw materials for filter devices widely used in wastewater treatment by small enterprises. Experimental tests and hydraulic calculations were carried out for the use of local gravel, quartz sand, activated bentonite and coal, as well as industrial waste rubber granules as filter load. Taking into account the substances contained in their wastewater, the cleaning parameters were determined and recommendations were developed for the conditions of use. It was proved that the cleaning efficiency of activated charcoal or bentonite filters can be reached up to 90-96% for enterprises with high content of oil-oil products and surfactants. Using quartz sand, gravel, and rubber granules to clean wastewater from suspended matter has been proven to be 92-98% effective in experiments.