Optical appearance of numerical black hole solutions in higher derivative gravity

Abstract

Abstract The optical appearance of the numerically black hole solutions within the higher derivative gravity illuminated by an accretion disk context is discussed. We obtain solutions for non-Schwarzschild black holes with $$r_0=1$$ r 0 = 1 , $$r_0=2$$ r 0 = 2 , and $$r_0=3$$ r 0 = 3 . Further analysis of spacetime trajectories reveals properties similar to Schwarzschild black holes, while the $$r_0=2$$ r 0 = 2 black hole exhibits significant differences. The results reveal the presence of a repulsive potential barrier for the black hole, allowing only particles with energies exceeding a certain threshold to approach it, providing a unique gravitational scenario for non-Schwarzschild black holes. Additionally, the optical images are derived through numerical simulations by discussing the trajectories of photons in the black hole spacetime. The distribution of radiation flux and the effects of gravitational redshift and Doppler shift on the observed radiation flux are considered. Interestingly, previous analyses of the optical appearance of black holes were conducted within the framework of analytic solutions, whereas the analysis of numerical black hole solutions first appears in our analysis.