Exploring the Neuroinflammatory Pathway in Epilepsy and Cognitive Impairment: Role of HMGB1 and Translational Challenges

Abstract

Neuroinflammation has emerged as a shared molecular mechanism in epilepsy and cognitive impairment, offering new insights into the complex interplay between immune responses and brain function. Evidence reveals involvement of High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in blood-brain barrier disruption and correlations with epilepsy severity and drug resistance. While anti-inflammatory treatments show promise, translating these discoveries faces challenges in elucidating mechanisms and developing reliable biomarkers. However, strategically targeting neuroinflammation and HMGB1-mediated inflammation holds therapeutic potential. This review synthesises knowledge on HMGB1 and related biomarkers in epilepsy and cognitive impairment to shape future research and treatments targeting these intricate inflammatory processes.

Keywords

• neuroinflammatory biomarker
• epilepsy
• cognitive comorbidity
• hmgb1