Dental extractions on direct oral anticoagulants vs. warfarin: The DENTST study

Abstract

Abstract Background Conflicting recommendations exist addressing the management of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for invasive dental procedures. Objectives To determine the safety of DOAC continuation compared to warfarin continuation for dental extractions with regards to bleeding outcomes. Methods A single‐center, prospective, cohort study was performed to compare 7‐day bleeding outcomes between patients who continued their DOAC, and patients on warfarin with an International Normalized Ratio (INR) between 2.0 and 4.0. Blood tests including oral anticoagulant drug levels were measured immediately prior to extraction. The gauze used to apply pressure to the socket was weighed before and after extraction to estimate blood loss. Patients were contacted by phone 2 and 7 days after extraction. Results Eighty‐six patients on a DOAC had a total of 145 teeth extracted, and 21 patients on warfarin had 50 teeth extracted. There were no major bleeding events. The rate of minor plus clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding was comparable between the DOAC and warfarin cohorts (36% and 43%, respectively; odds ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.29‐1.98). Preextraction apixaban and dabigatran levels were comparable between bleeders and nonbleeders, while rivaroxaban levels were higher in those who bled. The weight change of gauze used to tamponade the socket was similar between the 2 cohorts. Conclusion Dental extractions on patients continuing DOACs led to bleeding rates similar to patients on warfarin with an INR between 2.0 and 4.0. There is no need to adjust DOAC dosing prior to dental extractions.

Keywords

• anticoagulants
• antithrombins
• factor Xa inhibitors
• oral hemorrhage
• tooth extraction
• warfarin