Granì (Aug 2016)
The phenomenon of social assistance in the humanities: a retrospective analysis
Abstract
The article analyzes the phenomenon of social assistance in humanitarian schools. Such as: 1) Philosophy; 2) Cultural Studies; 3) Law; 3) Socio-pedagogical science. Retrospective analysis allowed revealing the research principles of social assistance analysis, functional features and differences of this phenomenon. Established that the theoretical basis of social assistance study incorporated in works of ancient philosophers (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle). Analyzed influence on the formation of social assistance scientific research by religious philosophers of the Middle Ages (F. Aquinas, A. Blessed). Deals the transformation of social assistance understanding from a part of society moral to forms of social interaction. Civilizational approach outlined in the cultural mainstream schools (B. Malinowski, C. Polanyi). It was determined that the cultural research traditions of social assistance understood this phenomena as a repeater of cultural heritage through the traditions of the community. Outlined scientific approach to social assistance in Law sciences. It was found that representatives of Socio-pedagogical and Political Science have used theoretical developments sociologists (M. Weber, J. Mead, H. Blumer, T. Parsons, R. Merton, E Giddens). Demonstrated that in Political Science social assistance acts as a functional tool for implementation of social policy. Characterized the role of social assistance within different models of social policy and its positions in state and international organization. Deals with the fundamental difference between the concepts of «social assistance» and «social work». Outlined limits the use of these concepts in humanitarian studies. The analysis allows us to formulate research strategies study the phenomenon of social assistance in modern society. In particular sociological perspective updated study of the phenomenon of social assistance. Actually, applied achievements of classic theory of social capital in the theoretical development of social assistance. Discovered research component of social assistance as part of social capital: 1) the values and standards; 2) trust; 3) network groups. Demonstrated that social support acts as an important mechanism of social self-control, when a group of socially secured citizens serving translator social capital and vulnerable sections of society - recipients. It was found that social assistance as a way of realizing personal, or group social capital promotes social capital of society.
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