Research on Joint Beamforming of High-Speed Railway Millimeter-wave MIMO Communication with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface

Abstract

The advantage of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is that it optimizes the wireless signal transmission environment. It can ameliorate the high loss of high-speed railway (HSR) millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications and increase signal strength by coherently superimposing signals at the receiving end through an appropriate beamforming design. In this paper, an mmWave multiple-input multiple-output communication system for HSR is discussed. The channel modeling takes into account the Doppler effect and the properties of mmWave channels. Aiming at the problem of high coupling of optimization variables, the singular value decomposition method is utilized to decouple them and to achieve the optimal active beamforming design. The original optimization problem is then rewritten into a more manageable form through a sequence of transformations. In order to overcome the restrictions imposed by non-convex constraints, the optimal RIS phase shift is directly calculated using the Riemann gradient descent (RGD) method. In this paper, spectral efficiency (SE) is taken as the optimization objective. Considering the fast time-varying environment of HSR, a step size selection scheme with easier convergence is adopted in the RGD method to complete the joint beamforming design. The numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed solution outperforms the semi-definite relaxation scheme and the RIS-free auxiliary scheme in terms of SE performance and computational complexity.

Keywords

• High-speed railway
• Reconfigurable intelligent surface
• Millimeter-wave
• MIMO
• Beamforming