Religious Praises and Their Cadres in Iran from the Second Safavid Era to the Qajar One

Abstract

The traces of the revival of the Arabic language in Iran was appeared when the Safavid kings invited most of the Shiite clergymen in Jabal Āmel, Lebanon, to come to Iran to support Shiism and to revive it. The immigration of Shiite jurisprudents from Lebanon and later from Bahrain to Iran as well as their attention to Iranian seminaries in Isfahan and other Iranian cities, have played a very important role in paving a suitable path to revive this movement in Iran. The works of Iranian poets in this era have been influenced by many factors some of which could be traced if we study the orations of these long poems and their variations and intentions. In this paper, we talk about the orations of the religious praises that are much more variant than the other orations. Due to their introductions, these orations are divided into three groups: the one starting with nasīb (a kind of lyrical poem); the second, starting with something other than nasīb and the third one, starting directly with praise. Some poets of this era have devoted more space to nasib rather than praise, to show their poetical ability. We take the subject criticism as a method to come to a much more clear result.

Keywords

• iran
• safavid
• afshar
• zand
• religious
• praise
• cadr
• nasib