Major incidental findings on routine cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging prior to first-time catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation

Abstract

Introduction: Preprocedural cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) or computed tomography (CT) imaging of the left atrium/pulmonary veins is usually employed to guide catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AFCA). Incidental findings (IFs) are common on cardiac imaging prior to AFCA. However, previous studies have mainly focused on extracardiac IFs detected on CT scan. We aimed to assess the prevalence of relevant cardiac and extracardiac IFs on routine preprocedural CMR in a large patient cohort scheduled for first-time AFCA and report its impact on clinical decision-making and management. Methods and results: We included 2000 consecutive patients (62 ± 10 years; 59% male) who underwent CMR prior to first-time AFCA between April 2015 and March 2019. Among these patients 172 (8.6%) had a total of 184 major IFs. Detection of major IFs resulted in cancellation of the scheduled AFCA procedure in 88 patients (4.4%). Forty-two patients (2.1%) have never been ablated, 46 (2.3%) underwent postponed AFCA after a median time of 83 (32–213) days. The remaining 84 patients (4.2%) underwent an individualized approach to AFCA. The most common major IFs were accessory or anomalous PVs in 76 (3.8%), extracardiac abnormalities suspicious of malignancy in 29 (1.5%), and positive stress perfusion imaging in 19 (7.2% of 261 tested) patients. In 19 patients (1.0%) preprocedural CMR provided the diagnosis of a previously unknown structural cardiac disease. Conclusions: Unexpected relevant findings on routine preprocedural CMR affected clinical decision-making and management in 8.6% of patients scheduled for first-time AFCA. However, whether preprocedural CMR imaging may improve overall clinical outcome needs to be addressed in future research.

Keywords

• Atrial fibrillation
• Catheter ablation
• Cardiac imaging
• Cardiovascular magnetic resonance
• Incidental finding