Iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula after lumbar disc surgery: Case reports and review of literature

Abstract

Iatrogenic arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) after intervertebral disc surgery are rare. The presentation can be varied from potentially fatal to those, which present years after the index surgery with features of, deep vein thrombosis, leg edema, and cardiac failure. The history and physical findings can be indicative of an AVF and the diagnosis is confirmed by computed tomography (CT) CT angiogram (CTA) or digital subtraction angiogram (DSA). Open surgery and endovascular approach can be both used for the treatment of this condition, both with good results, although the endovascular approach is associated with minimal morbidity.

Keywords

• Endovascular approach
• iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula
• lumbar disc surgery