Axioms (May 2023)
Minimality Conditions Equivalent to the Finitude of Fermat and Mersenne Primes
Abstract
The question is still open as to whether there exist infinitely many Fermat primes or infinitely many composite Fermat numbers. The same question concerning Mersenne numbers is also unanswered. Extending some recent results of Megrelishvili and the author, we characterize the Fermat primes and the Mersenne primes in terms of the topological minimality of some matrix groups. This is achieved by showing, among other things, that if F is a subfield of a local field of characteristic ≠2, then the special upper triangular group ST+(n,F) is minimal precisely when the special linear group SL(n,F) is. We provide criteria for the minimality (and total minimality) of SL(n,F) and ST+(n,F), where F is a subfield of C. Let Fπ and Fc be the set of Fermat primes and the set of composite Fermat numbers, respectively. As our main result, we prove that the following conditions are equivalent for A∈{Fπ,Fc}: A is finite; ∏Fn∈ASL(Fn−1,Q(i)) is minimal, where Q(i) is the Gaussian rational field; and ∏Fn∈AST+(Fn−1,Q(i)) is minimal. Similarly, denote by Mπ and Mc the set of Mersenne primes and the set of composite Mersenne numbers, respectively, and let B∈{Mπ,Mc}. Then the following conditions are equivalent: B is finite; ∏Mp∈BSL(Mp+1,Q(i)) is minimal; and ∏Mp∈BST+(Mp+1,Q(i)) is minimal.
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