Management of the water regime of soil to increase the vegetable crops yield with different irrigation methods in the south of Russia

Abstract

Long-term researches on the cultivation of vegetable crops with different methods of irrigation in the Volgograd region have shown that their yield was primarily closely related to the improvement of the water regime of the soil. Its efficiency using drip irrigation increased with the introduction of mineral fertilizers, and using subsurface irrigation - with an improvement of the location of the irrigation network. The highest yield of beet with drip irrigation (82.4 t / ha) was obtained with an increase of the Soil Pre-Irrigation Moisture (SPIM) to 85% of Full Moisture Capacity (FMC) and fertilization doses - to N235P140K130 kg/ha. The highest yield of courgettes with drip irrigation of 83.7 t / ha was obtained while maintaining the similar irrigation regime and the quantity of fertilizers N240P99K110 kg/ha.The maximum cabbage yield in our experience with drip irrigation of 83.1 t / ha was achieved using the option that combines the maintenance of the irrigation regime 80-90-80 %FMC with the application of fertilizers at doses of N110P50K140 kg / ha. The highest yield of radish with subsurface irrigation of 79.8 t / ha was obtained while maintaining SPIM 85 % FMC in the field with the location of subsurface humidifiers at a distance of 1.2 m from each other.