Zhongguo quanke yixue (Jul 2023)
Occurrence Status and Influencing Factors of Cognitive Dysfunction in Population Aged 60 and Above
Abstract
Background With the accelerated aging process, the incidence of dementia is increasing year by year, but there is no effective cure and the prognosis is poor. The cognitive function is still plastic during subjective cognitive decline (SCD) , which as a preclinical stage of dementia, it is of great significance for the prevention and management of dementia to investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of SCD. Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of SCD, MCI and dementia in population aged 60 and above in Baotou, Inner Mongolia. Methods From June 2021 to September 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 1 120 objects in 21 neighborhood councils and 17 village committees randomly selected from 3 banner counties (Hondlon District, Jiuyuan District and Guyang County) of Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region by using the combination of multistage sampling, cluster sampling and random sampling. General information of the study subjects were collected by questionnaire and their cognitive function was assessed. According to cognitive function, the study subjects were divided into the normal group (n=206) , SCD group (n=491) , MCI group (n=320) and dementia group (n=103) . Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive function. Results The median age of the study subjects was 68.0 (63.0, 73.0) years and the median number of years of education was 9.0 (5.0, 11.4) years. Absence of spouse〔OR=2.542, 95%CI (1.139, 5.674) , P=0.023〕, obesity〔OR=6.058, 95%CI (2.281, 16.093) , P<0.001〕, predominant vegetarian type of diet〔OR=3.037, 95%CI (1.868, 4.936) , P<0.001〕, nightly sleep duration <6 hours〔OR=1.662, 95%CI (1.099, 2.516) , P=0.016〕, smoking history〔OR=1.971, 95%CI (1.231, 3.157) , P=0.005〕, diabetes history〔OR=1.975, 95%CI (1.140, 3.422) , P=0.015〕, coronary heart disease history〔OR=3.501, 95%CI (1.016, 12.062) , P=0.047〕, and vision loss history〔OR=2.454, 95%CI (1.638, 3.677) , P<0.001〕were risk factor for the prevalence of SCD in population aged 60 and above. Rural residence〔OR=2.636, 95%CI (1.231, 5.641) , P=0.013〕, absence of spouse〔OR=2.843, 95%CI (1.228, 6.582) , P=0.015〕, obesity〔OR=5.626, 95%CI (2.046, 15.475) , P=0.001〕, predominant vegetarian type of diet〔OR=3.832, 95%CI (2.212, 6.640) , P<0.001〕, predominant meat type of diet〔OR=2.619, 95%CI (1.536, 4.465) , P<0.001〕, smoking history〔OR=1.912, 95%CI (1.133, 3.227) , P=0.015〕, diabetes history〔OR=2.544, 95%CI (1.378, 4.697) , P=0.003〕, coronary heart disease history〔OR=3.945, 95%CI (1.110, 14.016) , P=0.034〕, and vision loss history〔OR=2.846, 95%CI (1.780, 4.551) , P<0.001〕were risk factors for the prevalence of MCI in population aged 60 and above, education level of junior high school〔OR=0.180, 95%CI (0.103, 0.314) , P<0.001〕, high school and above〔OR=0.075, 95%CI (0.041, 0.136) , P<0.001〕were protective factors for MCI in population aged 60 and above. Rural residence〔OR=5.511, 95%CI (2.306, 13.170) , P<0.001〕, absence of spouse〔OR=2.987, 95%CI (1.152, 7.746) , P=0.024〕, obesity〔OR=7.303, 95%CI (2.436, 21.890) , P<0.001〕, predominant vegetarian type of diet〔OR=7.025, 95%CI (3.626, 13.609) , P<0.001〕, predominant meat type of diet〔OR=2.255, 95%CI (1.102, 4.616) , P=0.026〕, nightly sleep duration<6 hours〔OR=2.164, 95%CI (1.206, 3.883) , P=0.010〕, smoking history〔OR=2.661, 95%CI (1.415, 5.004) , P=0.002〕, diabetes history〔OR=2.186, 95%CI (1.033, 4.624) , P=0.041〕, coronary heart disease history〔OR=6.830, 95%CI (1.809, 25.783) , P=0.005〕and vision loss history〔OR=3.267, 95%CI (1.785, 5.979) , P<0.001〕were risk factors for the prevalence of dementia in population aged 60 and above. Age 60-69 years〔OR=0.211, 95%CI (0.074, 0.597) , P=0.003〕, 70-79 years〔OR=0.218, 95%CI (0.077, 0.620) , P=0.004〕, education level of junior high school〔OR=0.473, 95%CI (0.229, 0.977) , P=0.043〕, high school and above〔OR=0.227, 95%CI (0.105, 0.493) , P<0.001〕were protective factors for the prevalence of dementia in population aged 60 and above. Conclusion The prevalence rates of SCD, MCI and dementia among the older adults aged 60 and above in Baotou region of Inner Mongolia is at a high national level. Rural residents, old age, absence spouse, low education level, obesity, predominant vegetarian or meat type of diet, sleep less than 6 hours per night, smoking, diabetes, coronary heart disease and vision loss are the main risk factors of the prevalence of SCD, MCI and dementia among the older adults in this region.
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