Orientational Metaphor at the Beginning of the Shahnameh

Abstract

Cognitive linguists such as Lakoff do not know linguistic knowledge of independent thinking and knowledge, and believe that linguistic knowledge is part of human cognition. They see metaphor as a good tool for figuring out how to think and behave language. The metaphor in cognitive linguistics is to substitute various conceptual domains; for example, imagine life as traveling, or imagine success as an abstract concept above. One of the main types of conceptual metaphors that linguists study is directional metaphors. They examine how concepts that are not tangible and tangible, and therefore cannot have a definite orientation, are in the language of orientation, and they speak their language up or down, left or right, or in such an exacting direction, and they speak about it. The Shahnameh is one of the most valuable Persian texts for cognitive linguistics studies. Because the formation of stories and expressions in the ancient periods of Iranian national history is rooted, it is possible to extract the cognitive infrastructure and many of the oldest Persian language mappings. But so far there has not been an independent study on it. The present article tries orientation metaphors - or in other words, as will be seen –or in other words some kind of image schemata- the five hundred beginnings of the Shahnameh that precedes the Zahhak kingdom; metaphors like the opposite pairs up and down, right and left, before and after , Inside and outside, and center and perimeter.

Keywords

• cognitive linguistics
• conceptual metaphor
• directional metaphor
• image schemata
• ferdowsi's shahnameh