The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2024)
Multiwavelength Investigation of γ-Ray Source MGRO J1908+06 Emission Using Fermi-LAT, VERITAS and HAWC
- A. Acharyya,
- C. B. Adams,
- P. Bangale,
- J. T. Bartkoske,
- W. Benbow,
- J. H. Buckley,
- J. L. Christiansen,
- A. J. Chromey,
- A. Duerr,
- M. Errando,
- A. Falcone,
- Q. Feng,
- G. M. Foote,
- L. Fortson,
- A. Furniss,
- W. Hanlon,
- D. Hanna,
- O. Hervet,
- C. E. Hinrichs,
- J. Holder,
- T. B. Humensky,
- W. Jin,
- P. Kaaret,
- M. Kertzman,
- D. Kieda,
- T. K. Kleiner,
- N. Korzoun,
- S. Kumar,
- M. J. Lang,
- M. Lundy,
- G. Maier,
- C. E McGrath,
- M. J. Millard,
- J. Millis,
- C. L. Mooney,
- P. Moriarty,
- R. Mukherjee,
- W. Ning,
- R. A. Ong,
- N. Park,
- M. Pohl,
- E. Pueschel,
- J. Quinn,
- P. L. Rabinowitz,
- K. Ragan,
- D. Ribeiro,
- E. Roache,
- J. L. Ryan,
- I. Sadeh,
- L. Saha,
- G. H. Sembroski,
- R. Shang,
- M. Splettstoesser,
- A. K. Talluri,
- J. V. Tucci,
- J. Valverde,
- V. V. Vassiliev,
- A. Weinstein,
- D. A. Williams,
- S. L. Wong,
- J. Woo,
- The VERITAS Collaboration,
- R. Alfaro,
- C. Alvarez,
- J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez,
- D. Avila Rojas,
- R. Babu,
- E. Belmont-Moreno,
- A. Bernal,
- K. S. Caballero-Mora,
- T. Capistrán,
- A. Carramiñana,
- S. Casanova,
- J. Cotzomi,
- S. Coutiño de León,
- E. De la Fuente,
- D. Depaoli,
- N. Di Lalla,
- R. Diaz Hernandez,
- M. A. DuVernois,
- C. Espinoza,
- K. L. Fan,
- K. Fang,
- N. Fraija,
- J. A. García-González,
- F. Garfias,
- M. M. González,
- J. A. Goodman,
- S. Groetsch,
- S. Hernández-Cadena,
- J. Hinton,
- D. Huang,
- F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla,
- A. Iriarte,
- S. Kaufmann,
- D. Kieda,
- J. Lee,
- H. León Vargas,
- A. L. Longinotti,
- G. Luis-Raya,
- K. Malone,
- J. Martínez-Castro,
- J. A. Matthews,
- P. Miranda-Romagnoli,
- J. A. Morales-Soto,
- E. Moreno,
- M. Mostafá,
- L. Nellen,
- E. G. Pérez-Pérez,
- C. D. Rho,
- D. Rosa-González,
- H. Salazar,
- A. Sandoval,
- M. Schneider,
- J. Serna-Franco,
- Y. Son,
- R. W. Springer,
- O. Tibolla,
- K. Tollefson,
- I. Torres,
- R. Torres-Escobedo,
- R. Turner,
- F. Ureña-Mena,
- E. Varela,
- X. Wang,
- H. Zhou,
- The HAWC Collaboration,
- J. Eagle,
- S. Kumar,
- The Fermi-LAT Collaboration
Affiliations
- A. Acharyya
- ORCiD
- CP3-Origins, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- C. B. Adams
- ORCiD
- Physics Department, Columbia University , New York, NY 10027, USA
- P. Bangale
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19716, USA
- J. T. Bartkoske
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- W. Benbow
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- J. H. Buckley
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Washington University , St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- J. L. Christiansen
- Physics Department, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, CA 94307, USA
- A. J. Chromey
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- A. Duerr
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- M. Errando
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Washington University , St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- A. Falcone
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 525 Davey Lab, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Q. Feng
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- G. M. Foote
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19716, USA
- L. Fortson
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- A. Furniss
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, California State University – East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, USA
- W. Hanlon
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- D. Hanna
- ORCiD
- Physics Department, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
- O. Hervet
- ORCiD
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- C. E. Hinrichs
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College , 6127 Wilder Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- J. Holder
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19716, USA
- T. B. Humensky
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, USA ; [email protected]; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20781, USA ; [email protected]
- W. Jin
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- P. Kaaret
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa , Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- M. Kertzman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, DePauw University , Greencastle, IN 46135-0037, USA
- D. Kieda
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- T. K. Kleiner
- ORCiD
- DESY , Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
- N. Korzoun
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19716, USA
- S. Kumar
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, USA ; [email protected]
- M. J. Lang
- ORCiD
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway , University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
- M. Lundy
- ORCiD
- Physics Department, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
- G. Maier
- ORCiD
- DESY , Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
- C. E McGrath
- School of Physics, University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- M. J. Millard
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa , Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- J. Millis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ball State University , Muncie, IN 47306, USA; Department of Physics, Anderson University , 1100 East 5th Street, Anderson, IN 46012, USA
- C. L. Mooney
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19716, USA
- P. Moriarty
- ORCiD
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway , University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
- R. Mukherjee
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College , Columbia University, NY 10027, USA ; [email protected]
- W. Ning
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- R. A. Ong
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- N. Park
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen University , Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- M. Pohl
- ORCiD
- DESY , Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany; Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam , 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- E. Pueschel
- ORCiD
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , D-44780 Bochum, Germany
- J. Quinn
- ORCiD
- School of Physics, University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- P. L. Rabinowitz
- Department of Physics, Washington University , St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- K. Ragan
- ORCiD
- Physics Department, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
- D. Ribeiro
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- E. Roache
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- J. L. Ryan
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- I. Sadeh
- ORCiD
- DESY , Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
- L. Saha
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- G. H. Sembroski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- R. Shang
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College , Columbia University, NY 10027, USA ; [email protected]
- M. Splettstoesser
- ORCiD
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- A. K. Talluri
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- J. V. Tucci
- Department of Physics, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis , Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- J. Valverde
- ORCiD
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20781, USA ; [email protected]; Department of Physics, University of Maryland , Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- V. V. Vassiliev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- A. Weinstein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University , Ames, IA 50011, USA
- D. A. Williams
- ORCiD
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- S. L. Wong
- ORCiD
- Physics Department, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
- J. Woo
- ORCiD
- Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University , New York, NY 10027, USA
- The VERITAS Collaboration
- R. Alfaro
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- C. Alvarez
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas , Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
- J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo , Morelia, Mexico
- D. Avila Rojas
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- R. Babu
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, MI, USA
- E. Belmont-Moreno
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- A. Bernal
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- K. S. Caballero-Mora
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas , Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
- T. Capistrán
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- A. Carramiñana
- ORCiD
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica , Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
- S. Casanova
- ORCiD
- Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej im Henryka Niewodniczanskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk , IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
- J. Cotzomi
- ORCiD
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla, Mexico
- S. Coutiño de León
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison , Madison, WI, USA ; [email protected]
- E. De la Fuente
- ORCiD
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara, Mexico
- D. Depaoli
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics , 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- N. Di Lalla
- Department of Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305-4060, USA
- R. Diaz Hernandez
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica , Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
- M. A. DuVernois
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison , Madison, WI, USA ; [email protected]
- C. Espinoza
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- K. L. Fan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, USA ; [email protected]
- K. Fang
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison , Madison, WI, USA ; [email protected]
- N. Fraija
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- J. A. García-González
- ORCiD
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias , Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
- F. Garfias
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- M. M. González
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- J. A. Goodman
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, USA ; [email protected]
- S. Groetsch
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, MI, USA
- S. Hernández-Cadena
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- J. Hinton
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics , 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- D. Huang
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, USA ; [email protected]
- F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla
- ORCiD
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas , Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
- A. Iriarte
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- S. Kaufmann
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca , Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
- D. Kieda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- J. Lee
- ORCiD
- University of Seoul , Seoul, Republic of Korea
- H. León Vargas
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- A. L. Longinotti
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- G. Luis-Raya
- ORCiD
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca , Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
- K. Malone
- ORCiD
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM, USA
- J. Martínez-Castro
- ORCiD
- Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City, Mexico
- J. A. Matthews
- ORCiD
- Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM, USA
- P. Miranda-Romagnoli
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo , Pachuca, Mexico
- J. A. Morales-Soto
- ORCiD
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo , Morelia, Mexico
- E. Moreno
- ORCiD
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla, Mexico
- M. Mostafá
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Temple University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
- L. Nellen
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- E. G. Pérez-Pérez
- ORCiD
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca , Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
- C. D. Rho
- ORCiD
- University of Seoul , Seoul, Republic of Korea
- D. Rosa-González
- ORCiD
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica , Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
- H. Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla, Mexico
- A. Sandoval
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- M. Schneider
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, USA ; [email protected]
- J. Serna-Franco
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- Y. Son
- University of Seoul , Seoul, Republic of Korea
- R. W. Springer
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- O. Tibolla
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca , Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
- K. Tollefson
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI, USA
- I. Torres
- ORCiD
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica , Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
- R. Torres-Escobedo
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- R. Turner
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, MI, USA
- F. Ureña-Mena
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica , Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
- E. Varela
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla, Mexico
- X. Wang
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, MI, USA
- H. Zhou
- ORCiD
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- The HAWC Collaboration
- J. Eagle
- ORCiD
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20781, USA ; [email protected]
- S. Kumar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA
- The Fermi-LAT Collaboration
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad698d
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 974,
no. 1
p. 61
Abstract
This paper investigates the origin of the γ -ray emission from MGRO J1908+06 in the GeV–TeV energy band. By analyzing the data collected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope, the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System, and High Altitude Water Cherenkov, with the addition of spectral data previously reported by LHAASO, a multiwavelength study of the morphological and spectral features of MGRO J1908+06 provides insight into the origin of the γ -ray emission. The mechanism behind the bright TeV emission is studied by constraining the magnetic field strength, the source age, and the distance through detailed broadband modeling. Both spectral shape and energy-dependent morphology support the scenario that inverse Compton emission of an evolved pulsar wind nebula associated with PSR J1907+0602 is responsible for the MGRO J1908+06 γ -ray emission with a best-fit true age of T = 22 ± 9 kyr and a magnetic field of B = 5.4 ± 0.8 μ G, assuming the distance to the pulsar d _PSR = 3.2 kpc.
Keywords
