Joint trajectories of life style indicators and their links to psychopathological outcomes in the adolescence

Abstract

Abstract Background Rapid socio-economic development makes China a unique laboratory for examining how lifestyle changes affect adolescent mental health. This study aims to identify joint trajectories of modifiable lifestyle indicators during pubertal transition and its associations with psychopathological outcomes. Methods A cohort of 1974 children aged 7–9 years were recruited in Anhui Province, China during March 2013. The assessment of lifestyle behaviors (screen time, physical activity, sleep duration and beverage intake) and depressive symptoms were conducted from Wave 1 to Wave 4 (2018). Suicide ideation, non-suicidal self-harm (NSSI) and alcohol use were self-reported at Wave 4. Longitudinal trajectories of lifestyle patterns were defined using group-based multi-trajectory models in 2019. Results Four lifestyle trajectories were identified: persistent healthy (39.9%), suboptimal healthy (25.3%), unhealthy mitigation (17.2%), and persistent unhealthy (17.7%). Compared with persistent healthy group, the risk of subsequent suicide ideation [odds ratio (OR): 2.86, 95%CI: 2.15–3.81], depressive symptoms (OR: 2.16, 95%CI: 1.39–3.35), alcohol use (OR: 2.53, 95%CI: 1.78–3.61) and non-suicidal self-harm (OR: 1.35, 95%CI: 1.09–1.67) was significantly higher in persistent unhealthy group. Conclusions This study provided convincing evidence that unhealthy lifestyle trajectory during adolescence is associated with more than two-fold elevated odds for multiple domains of psychopathological outcomes over 5 years.

Keywords

• Lifestyle pattern
• Longitudinal trajectory
• Psychopathology
• Pubertal transition