Quantification of total apolipoprotein E and its isoforms in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with neurodegenerative diseases

Abstract

Abstract Background The human APOE gene, which codes for apolipoprotein E (apoE), has three major polymorphic alleles: ε2, ε3, and ε4 that give rise to amino acid substitutions. APOE-ε4 is a strong risk factor of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but the reason why is still unknown despite intense research for more than 20 years. The aim of the study was to investigate if the concentrations of total apoE and the specific apoE isoforms in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) differ between various neurodegenerative diseases and control individuals, as well as among the APOE genotypes. Methods Quantification of total apoE and specific apoE isoforms (E2, E3, and E4) in CSF was performed using high-resolution parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. In total, 1820 individuals were involved in the study including clinically diagnosed AD patients (n = 228), cognitively unimpaired (CU) patients (n = 896), and patients with other neurodegenerative disorders (n = 696). Follow-up data was available for 100 individuals, assessed at two time points. Subjects were dichotomized based on an Aβ42/40 CSF concentration ratio cut-off into Aβ positive (Aβ+, 0.091) groups. Results Even though there was a significant increase of total apoE in the amyloid β-positive (Aβ+) group compared with amyloid β-negative (Aβ−) individuals (p 0.05). Conclusions The results indicate that neither the concentrations of total apoE nor the different apoE isoforms in CSF are associated with APOE-ε4 carrier status, Aβ status, or clinical dementia diagnoses.

Keywords

• Alzheimer’s disease
• Apolipoprotein E
• Cerebrospinal fluid
• Mass spectrometry