Brain Sciences (Jun 2024)
Verbal Learning and Memory Deficits across Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Insights from an ENIGMA Mega Analysis
- Eamonn Kennedy,
- Spencer W. Liebel,
- Hannah M. Lindsey,
- Shashank Vadlamani,
- Pui-Wa Lei,
- Maheen M. Adamson,
- Martin Alda,
- Silvia Alonso-Lana,
- Tim J. Anderson,
- Celso Arango,
- Robert F. Asarnow,
- Mihai Avram,
- Rosa Ayesa-Arriola,
- Talin Babikian,
- Nerisa Banaj,
- Laura J. Bird,
- Stefan Borgwardt,
- Amy Brodtmann,
- Katharina Brosch,
- Karen Caeyenberghs,
- Vince D. Calhoun,
- Nancy D. Chiaravalloti,
- David X. Cifu,
- Benedicto Crespo-Facorro,
- John C. Dalrymple-Alford,
- Kristen Dams-O’Connor,
- Udo Dannlowski,
- David Darby,
- Nicholas Davenport,
- John DeLuca,
- Covadonga M. Diaz-Caneja,
- Seth G. Disner,
- Ekaterina Dobryakova,
- Stefan Ehrlich,
- Carrie Esopenko,
- Fabio Ferrarelli,
- Lea E. Frank,
- Carol E. Franz,
- Paola Fuentes-Claramonte,
- Helen Genova,
- Christopher C. Giza,
- Janik Goltermann,
- Dominik Grotegerd,
- Marius Gruber,
- Alfonso Gutierrez-Zotes,
- Minji Ha,
- Jan Haavik,
- Charles Hinkin,
- Kristen R. Hoskinson,
- Daniela Hubl,
- Andrei Irimia,
- Andreas Jansen,
- Michael Kaess,
- Xiaojian Kang,
- Kimbra Kenney,
- Barbora Keřková,
- Mohamed Salah Khlif,
- Minah Kim,
- Jochen Kindler,
- Tilo Kircher,
- Karolina Knížková,
- Knut K. Kolskår,
- Denise Krch,
- William S. Kremen,
- Taylor Kuhn,
- Veena Kumari,
- Junsoo Kwon,
- Roberto Langella,
- Sarah Laskowitz,
- Jungha Lee,
- Jean Lengenfelder,
- Victoria Liou-Johnson,
- Sara M. Lippa,
- Marianne Løvstad,
- Astri J. Lundervold,
- Cassandra Marotta,
- Craig A. Marquardt,
- Paulo Mattos,
- Ahmad Mayeli,
- Carrie R. McDonald,
- Susanne Meinert,
- Tracy R. Melzer,
- Jessica Merchán-Naranjo,
- Chantal Michel,
- Rajendra A. Morey,
- Benson Mwangi,
- Daniel J. Myall,
- Igor Nenadić,
- Mary R. Newsome,
- Abraham Nunes,
- Terence O’Brien,
- Viola Oertel,
- John Ollinger,
- Alexander Olsen,
- Victor Ortiz García de la Foz,
- Mustafa Ozmen,
- Heath Pardoe,
- Marise Parent,
- Fabrizio Piras,
- Federica Piras,
- Edith Pomarol-Clotet,
- Jonathan Repple,
- Geneviève Richard,
- Jonathan Rodriguez,
- Mabel Rodriguez,
- Kelly Rootes-Murdy,
- Jared Rowland,
- Nicholas P. Ryan,
- Raymond Salvador,
- Anne-Marthe Sanders,
- Andre Schmidt,
- Jair C. Soares,
- Gianfranco Spalleta,
- Filip Španiel,
- Scott R. Sponheim,
- Alena Stasenko,
- Frederike Stein,
- Benjamin Straube,
- April Thames,
- Florian Thomas-Odenthal,
- Sophia I. Thomopoulos,
- Erin B. Tone,
- Ivan Torres,
- Maya Troyanskaya,
- Jessica A. Turner,
- Kristine M. Ulrichsen,
- Guillermo Umpierrez,
- Daniela Vecchio,
- Elisabet Vilella,
- Lucy Vivash,
- William C. Walker,
- Emilio Werden,
- Lars T. Westlye,
- Krista Wild,
- Adrian Wroblewski,
- Mon-Ju Wu,
- Glenn R. Wylie,
- Lakshmi N. Yatham,
- Giovana B. Zunta-Soares,
- Paul M. Thompson,
- Mary Jo Pugh,
- David F. Tate,
- Frank G. Hillary,
- Elisabeth A. Wilde,
- Emily L. Dennis
Affiliations
- Eamonn Kennedy
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Spencer W. Liebel
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Hannah M. Lindsey
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Shashank Vadlamani
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Pui-Wa Lei
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Maheen M. Adamson
- WRIISC-WOMEN & Rehabilitation Department, VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Silvia Alonso-Lana
- FIDMAG Research Foundation, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Tim J. Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Celso Arango
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Robert F. Asarnow
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Mihai Avram
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Talin Babikian
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Laura J. Bird
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Stefan Borgwardt
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Amy Brodtmann
- Cognitive Health Initiative, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Karen Caeyenberghs
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
- Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Nancy D. Chiaravalloti
- Centers for Neuropsychology, Neuroscience & Traumatic Brain Injury Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA
- David X. Cifu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- John C. Dalrymple-Alford
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Kristen Dams-O’Connor
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- David Darby
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Nicholas Davenport
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- John DeLuca
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Covadonga M. Diaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Seth G. Disner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Ekaterina Dobryakova
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Stefan Ehrlich
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Carrie Esopenko
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Lea E. Frank
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
- Carol E. Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Paola Fuentes-Claramonte
- FIDMAG Research Foundation, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Helen Genova
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Christopher C. Giza
- UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Janik Goltermann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Marius Gruber
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Alfonso Gutierrez-Zotes
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Minji Ha
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway
- Charles Hinkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Kristen R. Hoskinson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Daniela Hubl
- Translational Research Centre, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
- Andrei Irimia
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
- Xiaojian Kang
- WRIISC-WOMEN & Rehabilitation Department, VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Kimbra Kenney
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Barbora Keřková
- National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
- Mohamed Salah Khlif
- Cognitive Health Initiative, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Minah Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Jochen Kindler
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
- Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Karolina Knížková
- National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
- Knut K. Kolskår
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Denise Krch
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- William S. Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Taylor Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Veena Kumari
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
- Junsoo Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Roberto Langella
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Sarah Laskowitz
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Jungha Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Jean Lengenfelder
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Victoria Liou-Johnson
- WRIISC-WOMEN & Rehabilitation Department, VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Sara M. Lippa
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Marianne Løvstad
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Astri J. Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway
- Cassandra Marotta
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Craig A. Marquardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Paulo Mattos
- Institute D’Or for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo 04501-000, Brazil
- Ahmad Mayeli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Carrie R. McDonald
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences and Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Tracy R. Melzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Jessica Merchán-Naranjo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Chantal Michel
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
- Rajendra A. Morey
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Benson Mwangi
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A Faillace, MD Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Daniel J. Myall
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Mary R. Newsome
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Abraham Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Terence O’Brien
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia
- Viola Oertel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Frankfurt University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- John Ollinger
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Alexander Olsen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Victor Ortiz García de la Foz
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain
- Mustafa Ozmen
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
- Heath Pardoe
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Marise Parent
- Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Federica Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Research Foundation, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Jonathan Repple
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Geneviève Richard
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Jonathan Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Mabel Rodriguez
- National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
- Kelly Rootes-Murdy
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Jared Rowland
- WG (Bill) Hefner VA Medical Center, Salisbury, NC 28144, USA
- Nicholas P. Ryan
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
- Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Research Foundation, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Anne-Marthe Sanders
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Andre Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Jair C. Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A Faillace, MD Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Gianfranco Spalleta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Filip Španiel
- National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
- Scott R. Sponheim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Alena Stasenko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- April Thames
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Florian Thomas-Odenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Sophia I. Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA
- Erin B. Tone
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Ivan Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Maya Troyanskaya
- Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jessica A. Turner
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Kristine M. Ulrichsen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Guillermo Umpierrez
- Division of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Daniela Vecchio
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Elisabet Vilella
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Lucy Vivash
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- William C. Walker
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Emilio Werden
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Lars T. Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Krista Wild
- Department of Psychology, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA
- Adrian Wroblewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Mon-Ju Wu
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A Faillace, MD Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Glenn R. Wylie
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Lakshmi N. Yatham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Giovana B. Zunta-Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A Faillace, MD Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA
- Mary Jo Pugh
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- David F. Tate
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Frank G. Hillary
- Department of Psychology, Penn State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
- Elisabeth A. Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Emily L. Dennis
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14070669
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 14,
no. 7
p. 669
Abstract
Deficits in memory performance have been linked to a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. While many studies have assessed the memory impacts of individual conditions, this study considers a broader perspective by evaluating how memory recall is differentially associated with nine common neuropsychiatric conditions using data drawn from 55 international studies, aggregating 15,883 unique participants aged 15–90. The effects of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder on immediate, short-, and long-delay verbal learning and memory (VLM) scores were estimated relative to matched healthy individuals. Random forest models identified age, years of education, and site as important VLM covariates. A Bayesian harmonization approach was used to isolate and remove site effects. Regression estimated the adjusted association of each clinical group with VLM scores. Memory deficits were strongly associated with dementia and schizophrenia (p p > 0.05). Differences associated with clinical conditions were larger for longer delayed recall duration items. By comparing VLM across clinical conditions, this study provides a foundation for enhanced diagnostic precision and offers new insights into disease management of comorbid disorders.
Keywords
