The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2024)
Unravelling the Asphericities in the Explosion and Multifaceted Circumstellar Matter of SN 2023ixf
- Avinash Singh,
- Rishabh Singh Teja,
- Takashi J. Moriya,
- Keiichi Maeda,
- Koji S Kawabata,
- Masaomi Tanaka,
- Ryo Imazawa,
- Tatsuya Nakaoka,
- Anjasha Gangopadhyay,
- Masayuki Yamanaka,
- Vishwajeet Swain,
- D. K. Sahu,
- G. C. Anupama,
- Brajesh Kumar,
- Ramya M. Anche,
- Yasuo Sano,
- A. Raj,
- V. K. Agnihotri,
- Varun Bhalerao,
- D. Bisht,
- M. S. Bisht,
- K. Belwal,
- S. K. Chakrabarti,
- Mitsugu Fujii,
- Takahiro Nagayama,
- Katsura Matsumoto,
- Taisei Hamada,
- Miho Kawabata,
- Amit Kumar,
- Ravi Kumar,
- Brian K. Malkan,
- Paul Smith,
- Yuta Sakagami,
- Kenta Taguchi,
- Nozomu Tominaga,
- Arata Watanabe
Affiliations
- Avinash Singh
- ORCiD
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Centre, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan ; [email protected]; Department of Astronomy, The Oskar Klein Center, Stockholm University , AlbaNova University Center, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Rishabh Singh Teja
- ORCiD
- Indian Institute of Astrophysics , II Block, Koramangala, Bengaluru-560034, Karnataka, India ; [email protected]; Pondicherry University , R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Pondicherry-605014, UT of Puducherry, India
- Takashi J. Moriya
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies , SOKENDAI, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Keiichi Maeda
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Koji S Kawabata
- ORCiD
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Centre, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan ; [email protected]; Department of Physics, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Masaomi Tanaka
- ORCiD
- Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University , Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Ryo Imazawa
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Centre, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Tatsuya Nakaoka
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Centre, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan ; [email protected]
- Anjasha Gangopadhyay
- ORCiD
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Centre, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan ; [email protected]
- Masayuki Yamanaka
- ORCiD
- Amanogawa Galaxy Astronomy Research Center (AGARC), Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University , 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Vishwajeet Swain
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- D. K. Sahu
- ORCiD
- Indian Institute of Astrophysics , II Block, Koramangala, Bengaluru-560034, Karnataka, India ; [email protected]
- G. C. Anupama
- ORCiD
- Indian Institute of Astrophysics , II Block, Koramangala, Bengaluru-560034, Karnataka, India ; [email protected]
- Brajesh Kumar
- ORCiD
- South-Western Institute for Astronomy Research, Yunnan University , Kunming, Yunnan 650504, People's Republic of China
- Ramya M. Anche
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Yasuo Sano
- Observation and Data Center for Cosmosciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University , Kita-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan; Nayoro Observatory , 157-1 Nisshin, Nayoro-shi, Hokkaido 096-0066, Japan
- A. Raj
- Indian Centre for Space Physics , 466 Barakhola, Netai Nagar, Kolkata, 700099, West Bengal, India
- V. K. Agnihotri
- Cepheid Observatory , India
- Varun Bhalerao
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- D. Bisht
- ORCiD
- Indian Centre for Space Physics , 466 Barakhola, Netai Nagar, Kolkata, 700099, West Bengal, India
- M. S. Bisht
- Indian Centre for Space Physics , 466 Barakhola, Netai Nagar, Kolkata, 700099, West Bengal, India
- K. Belwal
- Indian Centre for Space Physics , 466 Barakhola, Netai Nagar, Kolkata, 700099, West Bengal, India
- S. K. Chakrabarti
- ORCiD
- Indian Centre for Space Physics , 466 Barakhola, Netai Nagar, Kolkata, 700099, West Bengal, India
- Mitsugu Fujii
- Fujii Kurosaki Observatory , 4500 Kurosaki, Tamashima, Kurashiki, Okayama 713-8126, Japan
- Takahiro Nagayama
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University , 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Katsura Matsumoto
- ORCiD
- Astronomical Institute, Osaka Kyoiku University , Kashiwara-shi, Osaka 582-8582, Japan
- Taisei Hamada
- ORCiD
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Centre, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan ; [email protected]; Department of Physics, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University , Kagamiyama, 1-3-1 Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Miho Kawabata
- ORCiD
- Nishi-Harima Astronomical Observatory, Center for Astronomy, University of Hyogo , 407-2 Nishigaichi, Sayo-cho, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5313, Japan
- Amit Kumar
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Ravi Kumar
- ORCiD
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- Brian K. Malkan
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Paul Smith
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Yuta Sakagami
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Kenta Taguchi
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Nozomu Tominaga
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Astronomical Science Program, Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies , SOKENDAI, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University , 8-9-1 Okamoto, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8501, Japan
- Arata Watanabe
- Faculty of Science, Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad7955
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 975,
no. 1
p. 132
Abstract
We present a detailed investigation of photometric, spectroscopic, and polarimetric observations of the Type II SN 2023ixf. Earlier studies have provided compelling evidence for a delayed shock breakout from a confined dense circumstellar matter (CSM) enveloping the progenitor star. The temporal evolution of polarization in the SN 2023ixf phase revealed three distinct peaks in polarization evolution at 1.4 days, 6.4 days, and 79.2 days, indicating an asymmetric dense CSM, an aspherical shock front and clumpiness in the low-density extended CSM, and an aspherical inner ejecta/He-core. SN 2023ixf displayed two dominant axes, one along the CSM-outer ejecta and the other along the inner ejecta/He-core, showcasing the independent origin of asymmetry in the early and late evolution. The argument for an aspherical shock front is further strengthened by the presence of a high-velocity broad absorption feature in the blue wing of the Balmer features in addition to the P-Cygni absorption post-16 days. Hydrodynamical light-curve modeling indicated a progenitor mass of 10 M _⊙ with a radius of 470 R _⊙ and explosion energy of 2 × 10 ^51 erg, along with 0.06 M _⊙ of ^56 Ni, though these properties are not unique due to modeling degeneracies. The modeling also indicated a two-zone CSM: a confined dense CSM extending up to 5 × 10 ^14 cm with a mass-loss rate of 10 ^−2 M _⊙ yr ^−1 and an extended CSM spanning from 5 × 10 ^14 to at least 10 ^16 cm with a mass-loss rate of 10 ^−4 M _⊙ yr ^−1 , both assuming a wind-velocity of 10 km s ^−1 . The early-nebular phase observations display an axisymmetric line profile of [O i ], redward attenuation of the emission of H α post 125 days, and flattening in the Ks -band, marking the onset of dust formation.
Keywords
- Core-collapse supernovae
- Supernova dynamics
- Type II supernovae
- Red supergiant stars
- Polarimetry
- Spectropolarimetry