TBBPA causes inflammation and cell death via the ROS/NF-κB pathway in the gastric mucosa

Abstract

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a common brominated flame retardant that has a wide range of toxic effects on organisms. However, the mechanism of the toxic effects of TBBPA on the digestive system has rarely been studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of TBBPA toxicity on the gastric mucosa. In this study, TBBPA (mixed with corn oil) was administered by gavage at doses of 0 mg/kg (CG), 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg. The results showed that the levels of ROS, MDA and LPO were increased, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were decreased. Large amounts of ROS activated the NF-κB pathway, leading to the development of an inflammatory response. The expression of BCL family and Caspase (Cas) family genes was increased, inducing apoptosis. The RIP3/MLKL pathway was activated, leading to cell necrosis. In summary, TBBPA can cause damage to the gastric mucosa through oxidative stress, leading to increased ROS activation of the NF-κB pathway. Treatment with the antioxidant NAC alleviated the damage to the gastric mucosa caused by TBBPA.

Keywords

• Tetrabromobisphenol A
• Gastric mucosa
• Oxidative stress
• Inflammation
• Cell death