HEAVY METAL BIOSORPTION BY SOME BACTERIAL SPECIES ISOLATED FROM DRINKING WATER AT DIFFERENT SITES IN SHARQIA GOVERNORATE

Abstract

The nine most frequent bacterial strains out of 127 were isolated form ten drinking water samples collected from tap water and bottled water in sharqia governorate. The nine isolates were purified and examined for their resistance to increasing concentrations of two heavy metal ions, lead (Pb+2) and iron (Fe+3). Four stains out of the nine isolates encoded I, II, IV, and VIII showed the highest efficiency of both Pb+2 and Fe +3 uptake from nutrient broth media containing 100 ppm of the heavy metal ions. The four bacteria were preliminary identified and then confirmed by the Biolog examination as Corynebacterium jeikeium, Pseudomonas putida biotype A, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Acidovorax delafieldii. The increased concentrations of Pb+2 ions (from 100 to 500 ppm) in nutrient broth media had deleterious effect on the process of heavy metal uptake (biosorption) by all the four selected isolates. Whereas percentage of Pb+2 uptake decreased from 42.9 to 24%; from 72.6 to 42%, from 78.9 to 37% and from 68.8 to 45%, for the four selected isolates, respectively. Meanwhile there was slight decrease change in Fe+3 uptakes percentage accompanying the increase in heavy metal ion concentration. Optimization of the cultural conditions releaved maximum uptake op pb+2 and Fe+3 by the four tested strains in presence of 100 ppm heavy metal concentration when incubated at 25oC except for Acinetobacter calcoaceticus at 35oC in case of Pb+2 uptake, when pH, was adjusted at 5 under static conditions. Upon addition of 50 ppm Cu+2 ions to broth media supplemented with 100 ppm Pb+2 ions, the percentage of metal biosorption by the four tested isolated decreased between 41.11% and 48.45% according to type of strain. Similarly presence of Cu+2 ions caused decrease in Fe+2 uptake by the four isolates ranging between 29.14-45.1%. Percentage of Pb+2 ions uptake by the tested bacteria sharply decreased when a sterile tap water sample was used as natural medium for cell-metal contact. The percentage of uptake inhibition of Pb+2 ranged between 57-65.23% and between 75.1-84.27% for Fe+3 ions. Cell hydrolysate of three tested bacteria appeared to be free from plasmid DNA proving that the genetic character of heavy metal resistance is plasmidless and related to chromosmal DNA in case of Cory. jeikeium, P. putida and A. delafieldii. On the other hand, Acinet. Calcoaceticus contained plasmid of size 23.130 kb. Examining Acientobacter calcoaceticus using transmission electron microscope revealed the accumulation of Pb+2 ions on bacterial cell surface and the intracellular absorption of Fe+3 ions.

Keywords

• pollution
• heavy metals uptake
• biosorption
• heavy metal accumula-tion
• plasmid and chromosomal dna
• transmission electron micro-scope