Tumor Budding and Poorly Differentiated Clusters in Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma

Abstract

The clinicopathologic and prognostic significances of tumor budding (TB) and poorly-differentiated clusters (PDC) have not been investigated in small intestinal adenocarcinomas (SIACs). In 236 surgically-resected SIACs, we counted TB (single cells or clusters ≤4 tumor cells) and PDC (clusters ≥5 tumor cells) at the peritumoral-invasive front (p) and in the intratumoral area (i) independently to classify as grade-1 (≤4), grade-2 (5–9), or grade-3 (≥10). Consequently, grades-2 and -3 were considered high-grade. High-pTB, -iTB, -pPDC, and -iPDC were observed in 174 (73.7%), 129 (54.7%), 118 (50.0%), and 85 (36.0%) cases, respectively. High-TB/PDCs were more frequently observed in tumors with high-grade, higher T- and N-categories and stage grouping, and perineural or lymphovascular invasion. Patients with high-TB/PDC had a shorter survival than those with low-TB/PDC. In a multivariate analysis, high-pTB, nonintestinal type, high N-category, retroperitoneal seeding, and microsatellite-stable were worse independent-prognostic predictors. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that patients with high-pTB showed worse survival (median: 42.5 months) than those with low-pTB (133.7 months; p = 0.007) in the lower stage (stages I–II) group. High-TB/PDC, both in peritumoral and intratumoral localizations, were associated with aggressive behaviors in SIACs. High-pTB can be used as an adverse prognostic indicator in SIAC patients, especially when patients are in early disease stages.

Keywords

• small intestine
• adenocarcinoma
• tumor budding
• poorly differentiated clusters
• prognosis