Neurodevelopment of children exposed to prolonged anesthesia in infancy: GABA study interim analysis of resting-state brain networks at 2, 4, and 10-months old

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have raised concerns regarding neurodevelopmental impacts of early exposures to general anesthesia and surgery. Electroencephalography (EEG) can be used to study ontogeny of brain networks during infancy. As a substudy of an ongoing study, we examined measures of functional connectivity in awake infants with prior early and prolonged anesthetic exposures and in control infants. Methods: EEG functional connectivity was assessed using debiased weighted phase lag index at source and sensor levels and graph theoretical measures for resting state activity in awake infants in the early anesthesia (n = 26 at 10 month visit, median duration of anesthesia = 4 [2, 7 h]) and control (n = 38 at 10 month visit) groups at ages approximately 2, 4 and 10 months. Theta and low alpha frequency bands were of primary interest. Linear mixed models incorporated impact of age and cumulative hours of general anesthesia exposure. Results: Models showed no significant impact of cumulative hours of general anesthesia exposure on debiased weighted phase lag index, characteristic path length, clustering coefficient or small-worldness (conditional R2 0.05–0.34). An effect of age was apparent in many of these measures. Conclusions: We could not demonstrate significant impact of general anesthesia in the first months of life on early development of resting state brain networks over the first postnatal year. Future studies will explore these networks as these infants grow older.

Keywords

• General anesthesia
• Infant
• Neurodevelopment
• Electroencephalography
• Functional connectivity
• Network