Variety dixenic life cycles of trematode from Вithyniidae snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) Palaearctic

Abstract

Trematodes from 11 families have dixenic life cycles. Primary dixenic life cycles are typical for trematodes families Notocotylidae and Psilostomidae. Secondary dixenic life cycles have 3 versions. Trematodes from families Sanguinicolidae and Schistosomatidae develop only in the 1-st version of the secondary dixenic life cycles. The 2-nd version of the secondary dixenic life cycles typical for trematodes Cyclocoelidae, Lecithodendriidae, Microphallidae and for trematodes of 4 families (Monorchidae, Cyathocotylidae; Echinostomatidae; Opecoelidae) only in bad conditions. Sometimes several trematodes of Monorchidae develop in the 3-rd version of the secondary dixenic life cycles.

Keywords

• bithyniidae
• dixenic life cycles of trematode
• west siberia
• palaearctic