Detrimental Effects of IFN-γ on an Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex Cell Model and Protection by a Humanized Anti–IFN-γ Monoclonal Antibody

Abstract

Epidermolysis bullosa is a group of severe skin blistering disorders, which currently have no cure. The pathology of epidermolysis bullosa is recognized as having an inflammatory component, but the role of inflammation in different epidermolysis bullosa disorders is unclear. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is primarily caused by sequence variants in keratin genes; its most severe form, EBS generalized severe, is characterized by aggregates of keratin proteins, and cell models of EBS generalized severe show constitutively elevated stress. IFN-γ is a major mediator of inflammation, and we show that the addition of IFN-γ alone to disease model keratinocytes promotes keratin aggregation, decreases cell–cell junctions, delays wound closure, and reduces cell proliferation. IFN-γ exposure weakens the intercellular cohesion of monolayers on mechanical stress, with IFN-γ–treated EBS monolayers more fragmented than IFN-γ–treated wild-type monolayers. A humanized monoclonal antibody to IFN-γ neutralized the detrimental effects on keratinocytes, restoring cell proliferation, increasing cell–cell adhesion, accelerating wound closure in the presence of IFN-γ, and reducing IFN-γ–mediated keratin aggregation in EBS cells. These suggest that treatment with IFN-γ blocking antibodies may constitute a promising new therapeutic strategy for patients with EBS and may also have ameliorating effects on other inflammatory skin diseases.