Metabolic Resistance and Not Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Gene Mutation Is Associated with Pyrethroid Resistance of <i>Aedes albopictus</i> (Skuse, 1894) from Cambodia

Sébastien Marcombe; Bros Doeurk; Phoutmany Thammavong; Tuba Veseli; Christian Heafield; Molly-Ann Mills; Sedra Kako; Marcelly Ferreira Prado; Shakira Thomson; Saffron Millett; Timothy Hill; Imogen Kentsley; Shereena Davies; Geethika Pathiraja; Ben Daniels; Lucianna Browne; Miranda Nyamukanga; Jess Harvey; Lyranne Rubinstein; Chloe Townsend; Zack Allen; Christopher Davey-Spence; Adina Hupi; Andrew K. Jones; Sebastien Boyer

doi:10.3390/insects15050358

Insects (May 2024)

Metabolic Resistance and Not Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Gene Mutation Is Associated with Pyrethroid Resistance of <i>Aedes albopictus</i> (Skuse, 1894) from Cambodia

Sébastien Marcombe,
Bros Doeurk,
Phoutmany Thammavong,
Tuba Veseli,
Christian Heafield,
Molly-Ann Mills,
Sedra Kako,
Marcelly Ferreira Prado,
Shakira Thomson,
Saffron Millett,
Timothy Hill,
Imogen Kentsley,
Shereena Davies,
Geethika Pathiraja,
Ben Daniels,
Lucianna Browne,
Miranda Nyamukanga,
Jess Harvey,
Lyranne Rubinstein,
Chloe Townsend,
Zack Allen,
Christopher Davey-Spence,
Adina Hupi,
Andrew K. Jones,
Sebastien Boyer

Affiliations

Sébastien Marcombe: Medical Entomology and Vector-borne Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Ministry of Health, Vientiane P.O. Box 3560, Laos
Bros Doeurk: Medical and Veterinary Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, 5 Boulevard Monivong, Phnom Penh P.O. Box 983, Cambodia
Phoutmany Thammavong: Medical Entomology and Vector-borne Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Ministry of Health, Vientiane P.O. Box 3560, Laos
Tuba Veseli: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Christian Heafield: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Molly-Ann Mills: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Sedra Kako: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Marcelly Ferreira Prado: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Shakira Thomson: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Saffron Millett: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Timothy Hill: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Imogen Kentsley: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Shereena Davies: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Geethika Pathiraja: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Ben Daniels: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Lucianna Browne: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Miranda Nyamukanga: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Jess Harvey: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Lyranne Rubinstein: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Chloe Townsend: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Zack Allen: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Christopher Davey-Spence: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Adina Hupi: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Andrew K. Jones: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Sebastien Boyer: Medical and Veterinary Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, 5 Boulevard Monivong, Phnom Penh P.O. Box 983, Cambodia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15050358
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 15, no. 5
p. 358

Abstract

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(1) Background: In Cambodia, Aedes albopictus is an important vector of the dengue virus. Vector control using insecticides is a major strategy implemented in managing mosquito-borne diseases. Resistance, however, threatens to undermine the use of insecticides. In this study, we present the levels of insecticide resistance of Ae. albopictus in Cambodia and the mechanisms involved. (2) Methods: Two Ae. albopictus populations were collected from the capital, Phnom Penh city, and from rural Pailin province. Adults were tested with diagnostic doses of malathion (0.8%), deltamethrin (0.03%), permethrin (0.25%), and DDT (4%) using WHO tube assays. Synergist assays using piperonyl butoxide (PBO) were implemented before the pyrethroid assays to detect the potential involvement of metabolic resistance mechanisms. Adult female mosquitoes collected from Phnom Penh and Pailin were tested for voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) kdr (knockdown resistance) mutations commonly found in Aedes sp.-resistant populations throughout Asia (S989P, V1016G, and F1534C), as well as for other mutations (V410L, L982W, A1007G, I1011M, T1520I, and D1763Y). (3) Results: The two populations showed resistance against all the insecticides tested (vgsc gene showed a lack of kdr mutations known to be associated with pyrethroid resistance. However, four novel non-synonymous mutations (L412P/S, C983S, Q1554STOP, and R1718L) and twenty-nine synonymous mutations were detected. It remains to be determined whether these mutations contribute to pyrethroid resistance. (4) Conclusions: Pyrethroid resistance is occurring in two Ae. albopictus populations originating from urban and rural areas of Cambodia. The resistance is likely due to metabolic resistance specifically involving P450s monooxygenases. The levels of resistance against different insecticide classes are a cause for concern in Cambodia. Alternative tools and insecticides for controlling dengue vectors should be used to minimize disease prevalence in the country.

Published in Insects

ISSN: 2075-4450 (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Science
Website: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/insects/

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