Effect of Omega 3 fatty acid supplementation after traumatic spinal cord injury

Abstract

Background Spinal cord injury is a life changing threatening neurological condition that completely changes subject’s life. In medical management recent advances has significantly improved diagnosis, stabilization, survival rate and well being of SCI patients, but there has been very small progression in its treatment, and some such as Stem cell transplantation etc. is very costly that is not possible for everyone to afford.So now a days major focus is on nutraceutical supplementation as they are easy to administer and easy to afford. Omega 3 fatty acid are important polyunsaturated fatty acids with some roles in normal cellular metabolism, they have Anti inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Studies have proved its beneficial role in ameliorating inflammation in different diseases and thus plays role in improving neurological outcomes after neuronal injury.Fish are the best source of omega 3 fatty acid,EPA & DHA are two main types of omega 3 fatty acid and both the sources are found in fish, salmon, tuna, mackerel, and sardines fatty fish are good source of EPA & DHA,and high in protein content and low in saturated fat.In SCI,inflammatory events results in activating various inflammatory markers so PUFA 3 helps in suppressing their activity, for healthy adults, the daily recommended level of omega?3 fatty acid is 300 mg.Leukotriene?5, thromboxane?3, and prostaglandin?3 are derived from essential fatty acids, and are known to be therapeutically important in inflammatory conditions as well as for mental health. A marine crustacean Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, has not been a traditional food in the human diet, its a rich source of high-quality protein, with the advantage over other animal proteins of being low in fat and a rich source of EPA and DHA. Antioxidant levels in krill are higher than in fish, suggesting benefits against oxidative damage. Finally, the waste generated by the processing of krill into edible products can be developed into value added products. Material and method Online literature search was undertaken in PUBMED library and PLOS ONE library ,Scopus with the key word Spinal cord injury & its prevalence, Epidemology of Spinal Cord Injury,Role of omega 3 fatty acid and its role in spinal cord inury,Potential health benefits of Omega 3 fatty acid etc.A systematic Literature Search was made upto 2023.Using the above mentioned database we selected 100 articles. Result and Conclusion Omega 3 fatty acid plays a role in regulating several pathways associated with the damage resulting from secondary SCI . Given the considerable health advantages, the consumption of EPA and DHA is encouraged, with fatty fishes such as salmon, mullet, and mackerel identified as prime sources of these beneficial acids. This emphasis on aquaculture industries is leading to increased attention. Consequently, this review aims to comprehensively explore the potential benefits of PUFA.

Keywords

• Osteoporosis, Omega 3 fatty Acid, SCI, EPA, DHA, National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Centre (NSCISC)