The Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease: Cross-Sectional Study from Somalia

Abstract

Mohamed Sheikh Hassan,1 Nur Adam Mohamed,2 Yavuz Yücel,3 Yusuf Abdirisak Mohamed,2 Alper Gökgül1 1Department of Neurology, Mogadishu Somalia Turkiye Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia; 2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mogadishu Somalia Turkiye Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia; 3Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Diyarbakir, TurkiyeCorrespondence: Mohamed Sheikh Hassan, Department of Neurology, Mogadishu Somalia Turkiye Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia, Email [email protected]: Depression is one of the most common non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD), with an increasing prevalence in recent years. It causes significant psychological consequences that affect the disease course, overall quality of life, and functioning. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression in outpatients with Parkinson’s disease evaluated in the neurology clinic at tertiary hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 PD patients without dementia to determine the prevalence of depression at the neurology clinic of the Mogadishu Somalia Türkiye Training and Research Hospital between February and November 2022. All eligible participants were interviewed by a team of doctors using a structured questionnaire that consisted of sociodemographics and clinical characteristics, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) for depression assessment, and the Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale for PD staging.Results: Of the 50 PD participants, 60% were male and 58% were older than 60 years. 20% of them had a family history of PD and HTN as comorbid conditions. The prevalence of depression among the participants was 46% (95% CI 31.8– 60.7). Of the patients with depression, 22% and 24% had mild and moderate depressive symptoms, respectively. The Mann–Whitney U-test revealed a statistically significant association between depression symptoms and the presence of comorbidity (χ 2 = 136.50, p< 0.01). The Kruskal–Wallis test revealed a statistically significant association between depression symptoms and a longer duration of PD (χ 2 (2) = 18.21, p< 0.01) and advanced stages of PD (χ 2 (2) = 13.74, p< 0.01).Conclusion: This is the first study conducted on patients with PD in Somalia and found that a significant proportion of these patients experienced depressive symptoms. We also highlighted that factors such the presence of medical comorbidities, high monthly income, advanced PD stage, longer duration of PD, and use of multiple medications for PD were significantly associated with the presence of depressive symptoms.Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, depressive symptoms, non-motor symptoms, Somalia

Keywords

• parkinson’s disease
• depressive symptoms
• non-motor symptoms
• somalia