Sex differences following percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass surgery for acute myocardial infarction

Abstract

Highlights Among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), women were older, had more comorbid conditions, and were less likely to be discharged with optimal medical therapy than their male counterparts. In-hospital and long-term outcomes were worse among women compared to men, particularly in those who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as the mode of revascularization for AMI. Despite worse in-hospital survival, women were less likely to receive mechanical cardiac support. After propensity score matching between women and men for baseline characteristics, the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure was higher among women during long-term follow-up, especially among patients who had undergone PCI. Contrarily, the incidence of repeat revascularization procedures was lower in women in the long term. Mechanisms underlying cardiac ischemia likely differ between women and men, and socioeconomic inequalities that influence treatment of female patients are also possible.

Keywords

• Acute myocardial infarction
• Percutaneous coronary intervention
• Coronary artery bypass graft surgery
• Sex
• Heart failure