Seasonal Variation in Raw Milk VOC Profile within Intensive Feeding Systems

Carmela Zacometti; Alessandra Tata; Andrea Massaro; Giorgia Riuzzi; Marco Bragolusi; Giulio Cozzi; Roberto Piro; Sara Khazzar; Gabriele Gerardi; Flaviana Gottardo; Severino Segato

doi:10.3390/foods12091871

Foods (Apr 2023)

Seasonal Variation in Raw Milk VOC Profile within Intensive Feeding Systems

Carmela Zacometti,
Alessandra Tata,
Andrea Massaro,
Giorgia Riuzzi,
Marco Bragolusi,
Giulio Cozzi,
Roberto Piro,
Sara Khazzar,
Gabriele Gerardi,
Flaviana Gottardo,
Severino Segato

Affiliations

Carmela Zacometti: Experimental Chemistry Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
Alessandra Tata: Experimental Chemistry Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
Andrea Massaro: Experimental Chemistry Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
Giorgia Riuzzi: Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
Marco Bragolusi: Experimental Chemistry Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
Giulio Cozzi: Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
Roberto Piro: Experimental Chemistry Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
Sara Khazzar: Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
Gabriele Gerardi: Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
Flaviana Gottardo: Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
Severino Segato: Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12091871
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 12, no. 9
p. 1871

Abstract

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The study aimed to assess the seasonal variation in raw milk volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from three indoor feeding systems based on maize silage (n = 31), silages/hay (n = 19) or hay (n = 16). After headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), VOC profiles were determined by gas chromatography (GC). Chemical and VOC (log10 transformations of the peak areas) data were submitted to a two-way ANOVA to assess the feeding system (FS) and season (S) effects; an interactive principal component analysis (iPCA) was also performed. The interaction FS × S was never significant. The FS showed the highest (p p p < 0.05) in urea and 2-pentanol and methyl aldehydes. The iPCA confirmed a seasonal spatial separation. Carboxylic acids might generate from incomplete esterification in the mammary gland and/or milk lipolytic activity, while aldehydes seemed to be correlated with endogenous lipid or amino acid oxidation and/or feed transfer. The outcomes suggested that VOCs could be an operative support to trace raw milk for further mild processing.

Published in Foods

ISSN: 2304-8158 (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Technology: Chemical technology
Website: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/foods

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