Entropy generation analysis and hydrothermal optimization of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow suspended in polymer over curved stretching surface

Abstract

This paper examined the flow of nanofluids on a curved stretched surface. Three nanoparticles Go (graphene oxide), Cu (Copper) and CeO2 (ceria) and polymer as the basic fluid were used in this investigation. A ternary hybrid nanofluid (THyNF) is created by these nanoparticles and the base fluid. Analysis of irreversibility, entropy generation (SG), and Bejan number (Be) have all been studied in addition to parameter affect velocity and temperature profile. Differential equations with partial derivatives (PDEs) were converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by employing helpful transforms. The RK5th approach was then used to solve the ODEs. Studies demonstrate that curvature parameter (A) enhances the temperature (θ(η)) and velocity profile (f′(η)). The radiation related factor raises the temperature as well. The volume fraction (φ1,φ2,φ3) of nanoparticles and Brinkmann increases the generation of entropy and decreases the Bejan number. The shape factor and radiation also improve entropy and Bejan. Also explored were the effects of volume fraction nanoparticles, shape factor (SF), curvature parameter, and radiation on the surface drag force and the Nusselt number. The findings demonstrate that although surface drag force is unaffected by nanoparticle radiation and shape factor, but Nusselt is improved. The Nusselt value decreases by 37 % when the tested range's curvature parameter is increased.

Keywords

• Ternary hybrid nanofluid
• Entropy generation
• Polymer
• Curved stretching surface