In non-elite athletes, women are more likely to return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Abstract Background The desire to return to sports (RTS) and return to performance at preinjury level (RTSP) is a common motivator for athletes undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructive surgery. However, for non-elite athletes little is known about the patient and surgical variables influencing RTS/RTSP. Purpose was to determine which patient or surgical variables had an effect on RTS/RTSP in non-elite athletes. We also analyzed whether patients that RTS and RTSP have more confidence in the knee and less difficulty pivoting. Methods A single-centre retrospective cohort study. All patients who had undergone primary hamstring ACL reconstruction within a 5-year period were included. Patients were asked about their pre- and postoperative sports participation using the Tegner Activity Score (TAS) as well as about their RTS/RTSP. Confidence in the knee and difficulty with pivoting were asked about. To determine the potential adverse effect of patient variables at the time of surgery (sex, age, height, weight, TAS preop) and surgical variables (graft diameter, surgical technique, concomitant injury) influencing RTS/RTSP, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used. Results 370 ACL reconstructions were included. Average follow-up was 4.6 years (SD 1.4). RTS rate was 65% and RTSP 43%. Median preinjury TAS was 7 (Q1:6, Q3:8)), postoperative 6 (Q1:4, Q3:7). Multivariate analysis showed that women were more likely to RTS (OR 2.40, 1.16–4.97). A lower preinjury TAS (OR 0.80, 0.67–0.95) resulted in higher RTSP levels. None of the surgical variables had a significant influence on RTS or RTSP. Patients who returned to sports or to preinjury-level performance displayed significantly more confidence in the operated knee and less difficulty pivoting than non-returning patients. Conclusion Our study shows that 65% of non-elite athletes with an ACL reconstruction returned to sports, 43% at preinjury level. Women were over twice more likely to RTS than men. Preinjury TAS significantly influences RTSP, with a lower preinjury TAS leading to a higher percentage of RTSP. Patients returning to both scored better in their self-reported confidence in the knee and difficulty pivoting than non-returning patients. Level of evidence Retrospective cohort III.

Keywords

• Anterior cruciate ligament
• Reconstruction
• Return to sport
• Return to level of sports
• Patient variables
• Surgical variables