New discoveries change existing views on the domestication of the horse and specify its role in human prehistory and history – a review

Abstract

The great importance of the domestic horse in human history and culture has long made it a significant subject of research. The historical role of the horse and new studies and discoveries that are key to understanding its domestication provided the impetus for this paper. The review presents and discusses the current state of know ledge and ideas concerning the origins, domestication, early history, historical roles, and exploitation of this domestic animal from central European and global perspectives. Ecological, biological, phylogenetic, archaeological and historical aspects are combined to explore the issue in a comprehensive manner and to provide insights into various scientific fields and the different regions of Eurasia.

Keywords

• horse (Equus caballus)
• tarpan
• Equus hydruntinus
• domestication
• archaeogenetics
• chariot