Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH): controversias terapéuticas

Abstract

The Attention Deficit Disorder and Hyperactivity (ADHD) is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder in children. There is no curative treatment. The benefits and risks of pharmacological and nonpharmacological measures available are controversial. This review aims to contribute to clinical decision making in the treatment of this disorder. A critical analysis of literature published in PubMed was done, which was supplemented by interviews with qualified professionals. We found that the benfits of psychostimulants, especially methylphenidate, are: symptom control, improved neurocognitive performance and quality of life. The most common side effects are mild and transient. Cardiovascular toxicity and decreased growth are serious but rare side effects. Parent training significantly reduces symptoms and cognitive training also improves cognitive abilities. For which we conclude that psychostimulants, especially methylphenidate, are symptomatic first-line treatment. In the long term it is necessary to monitor the growth and cardiovascular risk. It is recommended to combine with non-pharmacological therapy (parent and cognitive training) to enhance benefits and reduce risks.

Keywords

• Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad, TDAH, tratamiento farmacológico, tratamiento no farmacológico, beneficios y riesgos