Proving Nanoscale Chiral Interactions of Cyclodextrins and Propranolol Enantiomers by Means of SERS Measurements Performed on a Solid Plasmonic Substrate

Abstract

Chiral separation is an important issue for the pharmaceutical industry. Over the years, several separation methods have been developed, mainly based on chromatography. Their working principle is based on the formation of transient diastereoisomers, but the very subtle nanoscale interactions responsible for separation are not always understood. Recently, Raman and surface-enhanced Raman (SERS) spectroscopy have provided promising results in this field. Here we present Raman/SERS experimental data that provide useful information concerning the nanoscale interactions between propranolol enantiomers and α, β, and γ cyclodextrins. Raman spectroscopy was used to prove the formation of host–guest intermolecular complexes having different geometries of interaction. The occurrence of new vibrational bands and a change in the intensities of others are direct proofs of complexes’ formation. These observations were confirmed by DFT calculations. By performing SERS measurements on a new type of plasmonic substrate, we were able to prove the intermolecular interactions responsible for PRNL discrimination. It turned out that the interaction strength between the substrate and the intermolecular complexes is of paramount importance for SERS-based chiral discrimination. This approach could represent a very good starting point for the evaluation of molecular interactions manifesting between other pharmaceutical compounds and different classes of chiral selectors.

Keywords

• cyclodextrins
• chiral interactions
• Raman
• SERS
• quantum calculations