Nanomaterials (Feb 2021)

Grafting TRAIL through Either Amino or Carboxylic Groups onto Maghemite Nanoparticles: Influence on Pro-Apoptotic Efficiency

  • Hanene Belkahla,
  • Andrei Alexandru Constantinescu,
  • Tijani Gharbi,
  • Florent Barbault,
  • Alexandre Chevillot-Biraud,
  • Philippe Decorse,
  • Olivier Micheau,
  • Miryana Hémadi,
  • Souad Ammar

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020502
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 11, no. 2
p. 502

Abstract

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Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF cytokine superfamily. TRAIL is able to induce apoptosis through engagement of its death receptors DR4 and DR5 in a wide variety of tumor cells while sparing vital normal cells. This makes it a promising agent for cancer therapy. Here, we present two different ways of covalently grafting TRAIL onto maghemite nanoparticles (NPs): (a) by using carboxylic acid groups of the protein to graft it onto maghemite NPs previously functionalized with amino groups, and (b) by using the amino functions of the protein to graft it onto NPs functionalized with carboxylic acid groups. The two resulting nanovectors, NH-TRAIL@NPs-CO and CO-TRAIL@NPs-NH, were thoroughly characterized. Biological studies performed on human breast and lung carcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231 and H1703 cell lines) established these nanovectors are potential agents for cancer therapy. The pro-apoptotic effect is somewhat greater for CO-TRAIL@NPs-NH than NH-TRAIL@NPs-CO, as evidenced by viability studies and apoptosis analysis. A computational study indicated that regardless of whether TRAIL is attached to NPs through an acid or an amino group, DR4 recognition is not affected in either case.

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