Significance of Various Diagnostic Methods for the Detection of Helicobacter Pylori Infection

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic significance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection by histological examination of tissues and rapid Immunochromatographic assay from stool samples. METHODOLOGY: This retrospective comparative study was performed in the Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Suleman Roshan Medical College Tandoadam, from August to December 2020, on one hundred cases collected by consecutive nonprobability technique, of any sex and age, having a clinical opinion of H pylori disease. Samples were collected, and gastric endoscopic biopsies were performed in all cases in the department of Medicine and shifted to the Pathology department for registration and processing. The rapid Immunochromatographic assay of the same patients was also performed to isolate H. pylori from faecal samples. All the data collected were statistically analyzed using SPSS 20, and the results were tabulated. RESULTS: On histological examination, H. pylori bacilli were detected in 90 (90%) patients, of which the male was 52(57.7 %). The age ranges from 14 - 85 years, with a mean of 47.9. The histopathologically positive cases were compared with stool antigen, and H. pylori antigen in stool were isolated on immunochromatography technique in 48 (48%) subjects. The sensitivity and specificity of stool antigen were 52.74% and 90%, respectively, and the P-value was 0.011. CONCLUSION: H. pylori positivity is highly significant in histological examination of endoscopic gastric biopsies and may be identified by stool analysis as seen in this study which is noninvasive, most straightforward and has low expenses.

Keywords

• h. pylori
• endoscopic gastric biopsies
• histological examination
• stool antigen