International Journal of General Medicine (Jul 2022)
Association of Polymorphisms in Antioxidant Enzyme-Encoding Genes with Diabetic Nephropathy in a Group of Saudi Arabian Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
Fatma I Albeladi,1 Mostafa M Mostafa,2,3 Mohamed A Zayed,4,5 Hazem Atta2,3 1Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; 4Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, EgyptCorrespondence: Mohamed A Zayed, Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966562603213, Fax +9666400000, Email [email protected]: An imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the defence mechanisms underlying the activity of antioxidant enzymes has been demonstrated as the leading pathology in diabetes mellitus (DM)-related microvascular complications.Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in antioxidant enzyme-encoding genes: catalase (CAT); manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD); glutathione S transferase M1 (GSTM1); and GSTT1 glutathione S transferase T1 (GSTT1), and the risk of type II diabetic nephropathy (DN) in the Saudi population.Patients and Methods: The present study involved 64 type II DM patients with nephropathy and 64 type II diabetes patients without nephropathy from the King Abdulaziz University (KAU) Hospital. They underwent real-time PCR genotyping for the Mn-SOD and CAT genes. Multiplex PCR was used to detect GSTM1- and GSTT1-null polymorphisms.Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between the case and control groups with regard to polymorphisms in the CAT gene (P = 0.037), but not for polymorphisms in the Mn-SOD (P = 0.64) gene. In addition, a statistically significant association was observed between null polymorphisms of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes and DN in the case and control groups (P = 0.046 and P = 0.035, respectively).Conclusion: Our results showed that the genetic ability to combat oxidative stress may play a major role in DN pathogenesis in Saudi type II DM patients. These polymorphisms in antioxidant enzyme-encoding genes could be used as independent genetic markers for the construction of risk prediction models for kidney-related complications in type II DM patients.Keywords: diabetic nephropathy, gene polymorphism, oxidative stress
