Efficacy of azithromycin 1% and 1.5% ophthalmic solutions compared to tobramycin 0.3% eye drops: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Azithromycin 1% and 1.5% ophthalmic preparations are used widely in clinical practice for the treatment of signs and symptoms of eye diseases. The aim of this study was to render conclusive evidence by comparing the efficacy of azithromycin 1% and 1.5% over tobramycin 0.3% ophthalmic solutions for the treatment of eye diseases in a short duration in terms of bacterial resolution, the cure rate, and resolving clinical sign and symptoms. Methods: Systematic searches were performed in the electronic database (MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science) and other sources. Multicenter randomized controlled trial studies conducted in English were identified and screened. Analysis of individual studies was conducted using the OpenMeta-analyst and Review Manager Version 5.3 software. Results: Eleven studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. In clinical cure rate, azithromycin 1% and 1.5% eye drops were more effective than tobramycin 0.3% eye drops in short duration dosing (⩽5 days) with a twice-a-day regimen (relative risk = 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 1.008, 1.28), whereas on increased duration (>5 days), azithromycin is almost similarly as effective as tobramycin (relative risk = 1.007; 95% confidence interval: 0.96, 1.05). There was no significant difference in efficacy of bacterial resolution of azithromycin (1%, 1.5%) eye drops compared to tobramycin (0.3%) eye drops (relative risk = 0.99; 95% confidence interval: 0.96, 1.018). Azithromycin eye drops are effective in improving the signs and symptoms of eye disease. Conclusion: Azithromycin 1% or 1.5% is more effective in the clinical cure rate of eye disease than tobramycin 0.3% eye drops in ⩽5 days of treatment. It is also the best choice of treatment for improving the signs and symptoms of eye disease. So that we recommend clinicians to use azithromycin 1% or 1.5% eye drops. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO 2019 CRD42019139911