Distributed equalisation strategy for multi-battery energy storage systems

Abstract

Multi-battery energy storage systems (MBESSs) are widely adopted to overcome the uncertainty problem of renewable energy sources. However, state-of-charge (SOC) imbalance issue of MBESSs brings great challenges to the optimal dispatching strategy and the lifetime management strategy for the MBESS. This study proposes a distributed equalisation strategy for the MBESSs to solve the stated problem. An equitable operation optimisation model is proposed in the distributed equalisation strategy. The equitable optimisation model can be simplified as a convex quadratic optimisation problem. An equitable approximation method is utilised to solve the convex quadratic optimisation problem according to the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker optimality conditions. Based on the equitable approximation method, the SOC balance process is distributed into different iteration steps. The iteration of the SOC balance process is implemented by the communication system connecting the distributed management systems (DMSs). The distributed SOC balance step is implemented by the DMSs of the batteries. The proposed strategy is validated by a hardware-in-the-loop simulation system based on the RT-LAB. Test results show that the proposed strategy ensure the SOC balance and improve the robustness of the MBESS.

Keywords

• battery management systems
• power generation dispatch
• convex programming
• quadratic programming
• renewable energy sources
• secondary cells
• iterative methods
• approximation theory
• convex quadratic optimisation problem
• equitable approximation method
• SOC balance process
• distributed management systems
• distributed SOC balance step
• distributed equalisation strategy
• multibattery energy storage systems
• uncertainty problem
• renewable energy sources
• state-of-charge imbalance issue
• optimal dispatching strategy
• lifetime management strategy
• equitable operation optimisation model
• Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions
• MBESS
• iteration steps
• hardware-in-the-loop simulation system
• RT-LAB
• DMS