Does Vitamin D3 supplementation improve Depression scores among rural adolescent? A Cluster Randomized control trial

Abstract

Introduction Contemporary evidence has established that stunted vitamin D levels are associated with depression, poor mood and other mental disorders.Vitamin D supplementation might play a significant role in depression. Objectives To assess the role of supplementation of Vitamin D on depression scores among rural adolescents Methods It is a Cluster Randomized Control Trial carried out for a period of two years. 10 Government rural schools were taken as clusters and sample size was calculated using previous literature.(Libuda.et al:EJN. 2020; 27:1-0) 150 was the final sample size in each group. Adolescents aged 11-18 years were included and with any pre-existing mental health illness, renal abnormalities and confirmed neurological disorders (Epilepsy) were excluded. Intervention group received 2 months of 2000 IU per day for 9 weeks and Control arm received 500 mg of Calcium and low dose (250 IU) of Vitamin D. To assess socio-demographic status a pretested semi structured questionnaire was used. To assess depression, Becks Depression Inventory (BDI-II) was used. Venous Blood was taken by experienced lab technician and analyzed in Central Diagnostic Laboratory Services, Biochemistry Department, SDUMC, SDUAHER, Kolar, Karnataka, India. Study was started after Central ethics Committee approval. This study is intramural funded project (Rs.6,12,000/). Clinical Trials Registry number: CTRI/2021/07/034654: REF/2021/03/042355. All the data collected entered in Microsoft excel and analysed using SPSS v 22(IBM corp,USA). Pre-intervention and post intervention difference assessed with t-test summarized as Mean and Standard deviation (SD) with statistically significant difference defined with p value less than 0.05. Both Intention-To-Treat analysis and Per Protocol analysis done and reported separately. Results Distribution of adolescent school children according to sociodemographic profile Vitamin D supplementation arm (n=235) Calcium supplementation Arm (n=216) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Age in years 14 8 3.4 42 19.4 15 129 54.9 143 66.2 16 86 36.6 31 14.4 17 12 5.1 00 00 Gender Boys 124 52.8 100 46.3 Girls 111 47.2 116 53.7 Type of Family Nuclear 187 79.6 136 63.0 Joint 48 20.4 80 37.0 Comparing Becks Depression scores before and after intervention, Vitamin D arm showed statistically significant reduction in Becks Depression scores. Intention to treat analysis showed that Vitamin D arm had statistically significant reduction in Becks Depression scores. Conclusions Vitamin D supplementation had reduced Depression scores among rural adolescents significantly. Vitamin D toxicity was not noted inspite of High dose of Vitamin D supplementation Disclosure of Interest P. Satyanarayana Grant / Research support from: SDUAHER Intramural research , R. Suryanarayana: None Declared, S. TY: None Declared, S. Reddy: None Declared, N. AG: None Declared