Influencing factors of metabolic syndrome in community patients with schizophrenia

Abstract

BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia are at high risk of suffering from metabolic syndrome. Most previous studies on the influencing factors of metabolic syndrome focused on the inpatients and limited ones on patients dwelling in community.ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors at different risk levels of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia in Guangzhou， so as to provide references for future interventions on metabolic syndrome in this patient population.MethodsIn November 2021， 3 339 patients with schizophrenia who were registered in and administered by Guangzhou Mental Health Information System were included. All these patients had finished the physical examination in 2020， and whether they had metabolic syndrome was assessed basing on Guideline for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China （2020 edition）. Patients were divided into high-risk group （n=423）， critical group （n=1 524） and metabolic syndrome group （n=1 392） according to the Chinese expert consensus on the management of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia. Multiple logistic regression analysis were performed on the risk factors of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia.ResultsThe prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia was 41.69%. Univariate analysis showed that the results in gender （χ2=44.610）， age （χ2=55.992）， marriage status （χ2=30.755）， illness course （χ2=25.913） and body mass index （χ2=829.265） were significantly different among the three groups （P<0.01）. Kruskal-Wallis H test showed that the levels of waist circumference （H=920.331）， systolic blood pressure （H=436.673）， diastolic blood pressure （H=393.337）， fasting blood glucose （H=807.304）， triglyceride （H=1 134.125） and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （H=593.615） among the three groups were significantly different （P<0.01）. Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥50 （OR=1.761， 95% CI： 1.087~2.853）， overweight （OR=2.418， 95% CI： 1.862~3.140） and obesity （OR=57.903， 95% CI： 14.340~233.802） were risk factors contributing to high-risk patients becoming critical population （P<0.05 or 0.01）. Female gender （OR=1.295， 95% CI： 1.034~1.622）， aged 40~49 （OR=2.597， 95% CI： 1.582~4.263）， age ≥50 （OR=4.392， 95% CI： 2.609~7.395）， overweight （OR=7.844， 95% CI： 6.018~10.223） and obesity （OR=426.785， 95% CI： 105.724~1 722.839） were risk factors for high-risk patients developing into metabolic syndrome population （P<0.05 or 0.01）.ConclusionThe prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome is higher in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia. Female gender， older age， overweight and obesity would increase the risk of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenic patients. ［Funded by Health Science and Technology Project in Guangzhou （number， 20221A010028）］

Keywords

• schizophrenia
• metabolic syndrome
• community
• health examination
• influencing factors