Floquet-Engineered Nonlinearities and Controllable Pair-Hopping Processes: From Optical Kerr Cavities to Correlated Quantum Matter

Abstract

This work explores the possibility of creating and controlling unconventional nonlinearities by periodic driving, in a broad class of systems described by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). By means of a parent quantum many-body description, we demonstrate that such driven systems are well captured by an effective NLSE with emergent nonlinearities, which can be finely controlled by tuning the driving sequence. We first consider a general class of two-mode nonlinear systems—relevant to optical Kerr cavities, waveguides, and Bose-Einstein condensates—where we find an emergent four-wave mixing nonlinearity, which originates from pair-hopping processes in the parent quantum picture. Tuning this drive-induced nonlinearity is shown to modify the phase-space topology, which can be detected through relative population and phase measurements, and also leads to enhanced quantum properties such as spin squeezing. We then couple individual (two-mode) dimers in view of designing extended lattice models with unconventional nonlinearities and controllable pair-hopping processes. Following this general dimerization construction, we obtain an effective lattice model with drive-induced interactions, whose ground state exhibits orbital order, chiral currents, and emergent magnetic fluxes through the spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry. We analyze these intriguing properties both in the weakly interacting (mean-field) regime, captured by the effective NLSE, and in the strongly correlated quantum regime. Our general approach opens a route for the engineering of unconventional optical nonlinearities in photonic devices and controllable drive-induced interactions in ultracold quantum matter.