Comparative study on the performance of piezo-active 1–3-type composites with lead-free components

Abstract

Piezoelectric properties and related figures of merit are studied in novel 1–3-type composites based on ferroelectric domain-engineered lead-free single crystal with the relatively large longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient d33. Relationships between the piezoelectric properties and the set of figures of merit are analyzed for the 1–3 and 1–3–0 composites that contain the same single-crystal and polymer components. For a composite characterized by 1–3–0 connectivity, an influence of a porous piezo-passive matrix on the figures of merit and their volume-fraction behavior is considered additionally. A large anisotropy of figures of merit is observed in the 1–3–0 composite with specific porous matrices. A diagram is put forward to show volume-fraction regions of the large anisotropy of figures of merit of the studied 1–3–0 composite. Due to large figures of merit and their considerable anisotropy, the studied lead-free composites can be applied in piezoelectric energy-harvesting systems, sensors, transducers, and so on.

Keywords

• lead-free composite
• figures of merit
• piezoelectric properties
• 1–3 connectivity
• 1–3–0 connectivity